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(Image credit: Haslam College of Business) Professor Thomas Goldsby holds a BS in Business Administration, an MBA, and PhD in Marketing and Logistics. He was also the Co-Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Business Logistics and former Co-Editor-in-Chief of the Transportation Journal. His research interests include logistics strategy, supply chain integration, and lean and agile supply chain strategies. "I was taking part in an industry meeting a few days ago," Dr. Goldsby says, "and a senior executive from a major company said 'when things are going well in our supply chain we receive very little notice, we're just kind of operating under the radar, and people don't really call us out that much. But when things are not going well, when you can't meet the basic business premise of delivering on your commitments to your customers, they're gonna look to supply chain.'" That's largely true of PC gaming, too. When things are going well, we tend to ease up on the analysis of overarching industry trends and supply chain, distribution, or logistical concerns. We still care deeply about the manufacturing process of those parts that matter most to us, though the exact time and location of a stock drop at your local Best Buy tends to go by without passing remark. But we've also had quite a few ups and downs in the hobby as of the past half decade—I'm talking more than your usual launch month jitters that see the shelves emptied for the hottest chips the moment they go on sale. With them we've grown more attuned to the prevailing headwinds of semiconductor manufacturing. No more so than the perhaps most deep-seated, unwavering, and ongoing silicon shortage, namely affecting the graphics card market, that has thus far continued through 2020 and into 2021. There are multitude of reasons for this ongoing shortage. Ultimately, though, it comes down to factors affecting demand and those affecting supply. The graphics cards section is empty at Central Computers, Thursday, Jan. 25, 2018 "Let's just start with the demand side of the equation," Dr. Goldsby explains. "Certainly, the pandemic has driven up purchase and consumption experience of more and more electronic based products. As people shifted how they use their time, from being at work to being at home, and the toys, gadgets and technology required to keep your sanity, frankly, during the course of the pandemic drove intense demand. You can look at the silicon that goes into the wafer, you can look at the metals and minerals that go into the circuitry, to some extent, every single one of those inputs has been hamstrung in some way. Dr. Thomas Goldsby "However, that was preceded by a bit of a pause, where people didn't quite know what to make of this pandemic." Such a pause preceding a significant shift in demand results in, as Dr. Goldsby describes, a V-shaped rebound, or drop-off and then rapid return, in demand. That in itself has wreaked havoc, but that's hardly the end of it. For graphics cards, demand constitutes gamers—those eyeing up the latest developments from both Nvidia and AMD—but also cryptocurrency miners riding the wave of buoyant market value, and companies looking to expand their online services with more capacity and capability. "Getting to the supply side of the equation, you have to go back a little bit in history among the chip makers. We've really got TSMC, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corp; you've got Intel; you've got Samsung; a few other smaller players. But you're talking about a highly concentrated market of suppliers." Walid Berrazeg/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images (Image credit: People walk past a TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) logo at the Taiwanese semiconductor contract manufacturing and design company building in Hsinchu.) TSMC is responsible for most of AMD's CPU and GPU products, while Samsung is the manufacturer of Nvidia's RTX 30-series. The go-to gut reaction is to decry these companies for not making more chips. And it's true that would end the chip shortage, if it were so easy. "That doesn't happen overnight," Dr. Goldsby tells me. All of these companies have promised expansion and are in the process of delivering on those promises. Intel, for example, broke ground on two new factories in Arizona last month, for the purpose of expanding both Intel's capability to meet chip demand and kickstart its new Intel Foundry Services project, which aims to go toe-to-toe with TSMC and Samsung in building chips for other people. But even Intel and rivals TSMC expect shortages to continue until 2022, if not 2023. And there's more to this complex story than a handful of chipmakers. Because these major chipmakers have numerous suppliers, and these suppliers have suppliers, and so on and so fourth until you finally reach a company dealing exclusively in raw materials. It's a complex chain, essentially. "If you break down to the DNA level of what goes into a chip, and you can look at the silicon that goes into the wafer, you can look at the metals and minerals that go into the circuitry, to some extent, every single one of those inputs has been hamstrung in some way," Dr. Goldsby explains. "So here we've got demand, on the one hand, that's just off the charts. And we've got the supply chain that is handicapped by virtue of getting access to materials, very constrained production capacity, and then slow transportation connecting the dots. You add it all up, and that's where we are right now." Mulitple graphics card devices manufactured by Gigabyte Technology Co. Ltd. sit on a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) mining rig manufactured by Easy Crypto Hunter, during the Crypto Investor Show in London, U.K., on Saturday, March 10, 2018. Every bad thing happening at once It would appear that everything bad that could've happened, in fact did. But as Dr. Goldsby rightly points out, "I've learned to never say never right? I mean, things could be worse." Okay, I won't drop that nightmarish outcome on you without some light at the end of the tunnel. Dr. Goldsby does see the silicon shortage returning to normalcy in good time, but to understand how, it's best to know what beast you're dealing with. "It has stretched the imagination, certainly, to find ourselves in this situation," Dr. Goldsby continues. "And many people are blaming lean manufacturing systems." Just in Time manufacturing; often called a lean inventory system; or Toyota Production System, after the company that championed it during the mid-20th century; is a fairly simple concept, but one that's grown in po[CENSORED]rity with the manufacturing giants of the world. So much so that it's the de facto way of doing things nowadays. It all comes down to the idea of making "what is needed, when it is needed, and in the amount needed." There's little excess inventory at any given time, and as the market's wants and needs fluctuation, so too does a company's manufacturing capability. It's all a clever way of reducing what Toyota calls, in its native Japanese, 'muda, mura, and muri', which it takes to mean waste, inconsistencies, and unreasonable requirements on the production line. Similarly, and perhaps crucially to many, maintaining a slim inventory helps keep margins healthy and risk low, which aids, ultimately, in a healthy share price. So last-minute-by-design manufacturing meets near-insurmountable global crisis and that leads to supply chain chaos. It's easy to see the pattern, but as Goldsby explains, it's not entirely the blame of a lean system of manufacturing. There are some systems of redundancy in place to prevent catastrophic slow down or collapse of the supply chain even if a company is abiding exactly to the pillars of Just in Time production—these systems simply weren't cut out for everything going wrong all at once. "The truth is, [lean production systems] are partially to blame. But those systems were always pretty able to handle the hiccups." "We might have seen a small surge in demand, we might have seen small delays in supply chain execution. And it could really kind of accommodate that. Hey, the ships are running behind, we'll use air to ship product and we'll get stuff overnight that way. Well, now, yeah, there's not enough air capacity to do that." So we get to the unfortunate reality which is we're feeling the impact of Covid-19 reverberating through the supply chain. And Covid-19 constitutes what Goldsby describes as a "Black Swan Event". "Even though supply chain risk management has been a common theme in business over the last, you know, eight to 10 years. They just didn't prepare for what we call a Black Swan Event, which is what pandemic represents—something that we had not really witnessed on the scale that we've seen." French President Emmanuel Macron meets with the US semiconductor giant Intel chief executive Patrick Gelsinger during an international business leaders' meeting for the 4th edition of the 'Choose France' summit in Versailles on June 28, 2021. Intel CEO Pat Galsinger meets French president Emmanuel Macron. (Image credit: Stephane De Sakutin/POOL/AFP via Getty Images) AMD and Nvidia are contract manufacturing experts, and Intel runs the shop As Dr. Goldsby points out, no company wants to be backed into a corner when it comes to manufacturing—it's desirable to have options, even redundancy, in your supply chain. These things afford a company flexibility in times when things get tough. But unfettered opportunity to shop around doesn't necessarily offer the means to produce the best processors, in fact it more than likely hinders those means, and that's where things get interesting for PC gaming. The likes of AMD, Nvidia extract top performance from their designs through tight partnerships with foundries, as Dr. Goldsby explains. TSMC doesn't want all the work, the blood, sweat, and tears that it put into these designs to just be handed over to a competitor. Dr. Thomas Goldsby "Where the PC industry finds itself is that they have highly dependent relationships with the chipmakers," he says. "They usually co-develop these chips together. And that's a good thing and a bad thing. It's a good thing because by working so closely together, you're a very high priority when it comes to manufacturing. And you probably enjoy healthy margins on that business. And you're willing to pay when push comes to shove, we're going to face a shortage, and a manufacturer has to allocate a suddenly very finite supply. Where are we going to direct our limited time and resources? They're probably going to direct it to where they have the most strategic relationships, long term interest. "However, you are kind of wedged in, in that you're dependent on that one, or a few." Think of the existing product lineup for a second: AMD's Ryzen processors and TSMC's 7nm process node, these two things are entwined. The same goes for the red team's recent Radeon graphics cards. These were the gaming industry's first 7nm products, and that fact played a large part in the marketing of these products. AMD has benefited hugely from its work with TSMC to optimise and maximise its processors on the 7nm process node. That partnership runs deep, and a redundancy in supply, be that from a different manufacturer, supplier, or location on the globe, isn't therefore easily navigated by it. "TSMC doesn't want all the work, the blood, sweat, and tears that it put into these designs to just be handed over to a competitor," Dr. Goldsby says. "And so the arrangements are very tight, between the chipmakers, graphic cards makers, and then on to the PC and console makers. You tend to find very tight, highly controlled relationships between them, which doesn't make it easy to find those alternatives and build that redundancy." But it means TSMC will make sure AMD does get capacity. So, in reality, a tight relationship between AMD and TSMC, or Nvidia and Samsung, or Intel operating its own fabs, has more than likely played a huge role in securing the supply these companies have enjoyed, and not been a detriment to it. That's just not much of an olive branch during a tumultuous time such as this, when most semiconductor companies are in the same boat in terms of supply. I also asked Dr. Goldsby if Intel is set to gain from its rare position of owning and operating its own fabs, something which only a few years ago seemed ill-advised. "Well, to the extent that you own and control your own destiny, absolutely," he explains. U.S. President Joe Biden holds a semiconductor before signing an executive order in the State Dining Room of the White House in Washington, D.C., U.S., on Wednesday, Feb. 24, 2021. US President Joe Biden holds up a computer chip before signing a government review of supply chains. (Image credit: Doug Mills/The New York Times/Bloomberg via Getty Images) "When President Biden holds up a wafer and says, 'This is infrastructure'... You may see something of very dramatic coming out of the Biden administration saying we need to support this industry. And Intel is a US-based company, probably just pure speculation here, but it could benefit tremendously from the administration saying we need to subsidise it, we need to bolster this capacity." And Intel is more than a CPU maker, it's opening its spotless clean rooms to other companies to build supply. No doubt that which plays into the company's favour if outside investment comes knocking. The Biden administration's executive order outlines clearly the need for more robust supply chains: "Therefore, it is the policy of my Administration to strengthen the resilience of America’s supply chains," the executive order states. But it is just one example of a government spotting the need for robust supply chains following today's ubiquitous supply issues. And while us PC gamers are desperate for semiconductors, so are many other industries. Car manufacturers could have had it worse over the years, and may now only be leveraging their significant weight in the industry to start getting the chips they require. "AMD can negotiate perfectly well with their suppliers. Sony can negotiate very well with AMD. These are, again, highly concentrated relationships. But the automakers are finally getting smarter and saying, hey, yeah, we've got substantial demand, we're about 10% of the chip market right now, that's going to be growing. And we need to leverage what influence we can have, and probably, you know, pay for it as well." So perhaps the wider world is waking up to the power of water-tight relationships with foundries. But should gamers fret about that? Probably not, because AMD, Nvidia, and plenty more gaming companies already knew that going in. They've been doing that for years, pioneering the fabless chipmaking model, and so they're likely very well positioned to deal with the ongoing chip crisis as well as anyone might in these circumstances. A 300 millimetre silicon wafer at the Globalfoundries Inc. semiconductor plant in Dresden, Germany, on Thursday, Aug. 12, 2021. A 300 millimetre silicon wafer made by Globalfoundries, the foundry responsible for chips used in AMD's Ryzen processors. (Image credit: Liesa Johannssen-Koppitz/Bloomberg via Getty Images) More supply: imperative or incidental? "You'd like to just think, okay, just increase the capacity," Dr. Goldsby says. More capacity is on the way—a steady influx of absurd quantities of cash contributes to new process nodes, manufacturing facilities, and cutting-edge lithographic machines that can help expedite the manufacturing process. All of which helps a company get its chips into your PC. Though there is a problem, the time it takes to implement new capabilities. Not only because that means there's a baked-in delay to when a company can meet an influx of customer demand, but also because a company can never be too sure if that demand will be there once its new manufacturing facilities whir to life. "As a chipmaker, you are running seven days a week, three shifts, 24/7 operations, you're able to pre-sell everything that you make, you're able to probably bolster price to unfathomable levels, you're selling everything. That's a pretty good situation to have, particularly if we're talking about demand tempering itself." There's no doubt that companies will want to maximise their profits and expand their total market, but the smart ones are probably not going to rush into meeting the sudden, perhaps unexpected, demand. "We have something in the industry called the bullwhip effect, which is where a small change in consumer demand amplifies as you go upstream in the supply chain. And I think the chip makers, and even the folks that are supplying the chip makers, are going 'hey, we've seen this game before, everybody's crying for materials right now, crying for product, and as soon as we get that product online, where's the demand?' It's kind of taking care of itself." This is what is known as phantom demand: demand that is present at one moment in time, usually due to over-ordering and shortages, but then dissipates once supply steadies. A good analogy is toilet paper during the first days of the pandemic: it was always clear there was plenty of toilet paper to go around, but sudden demand caused shortages and over-ordering. To begin making two times, three times more toilet paper to meet that demand only for shortages to end only a few weeks later would've been clumsy and risky. See more "So I think there's extreme caution not to over build capacity," Goldsby says. The effect of overcapacity or overproduction can be dire, as even recent PC gaming history can attest to. To dredge up bitter memories, during the cryptocurrency boom of 2017/2018 graphics cards were hard to come by. The shortages lasted quite some time, too, with demand for graphics cards for the purpose of cryptocurrency mining showing signs of sticking around for the long haul. So it looks like Nvidia, and to an extent AMD, leaned into this demand. Until it went away. Suddenly. Cryptocurrency values dropped and demand for GPUs for mining went with them. This hurt both companies in the long run, but especially Nvidia as it had more to lose. The company's share price dropped, which CEO Jensen Huang chalked up to a "crypto hangover" leaving it with excess inventory of graphics cards which in turn seemed to delay the subsequent release of the next generation of GPUs. I bring this up with Dr. Goldsby and he mentions an apt comparison that bears repeating: TIPS AND ADVICE The Nvidia RTX 3070 and AMD RX 6700 XT side by side on a colourful background How to buy a graphics card: tips on buying a graphics card in the barren silicon landscape that is 2021 "These chips, and graphic cards, are like fashion products, and they have short shelf lives and everybody's looking for the newest and the greatest. So do you want to be sitting on a year's supply of something that is at risk of becoming obsolete? You actually see that sometimes companies' innovation cycles get slowed down because they've got to clear out this inventory." So is the answer 'build more fabs'? Yes, but slowly and surely will be how any company will wish to proceed, and if that means things continue to be tight right now, well, so be it. "It's the time lag, the inability to match supply and demand in real time, and sometimes it takes weeks, sometimes months. In this case, we're talking a function of years really to get those things in sync," Goldsby explains. "So it's very hard. When you have imbalances and customer expectations and the ability to serve those, they're just not anywhere close to being in cahoots or consistent with each other." And if you're making a huge amount of money selling everything product you make, what's the rush? Jen-Hsun Huang, president and chief executive officer of Nvidia Corp., holds up the new Nvidia GeForce RTX 2060 graphics processor during the company's event at the 2019 Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S., on Sunday, Jan. 6, 2019. Nvidia CEO Jen-Hsun Huang holding the RTX 2060 at its launch back in 2019. (Image credit: David Paul Morris/Bloomberg via Getty Images) Reviving old graphics cards might not be the answer anyone wants So if the long-term solution to the chip shortage is time and patience, is there a short-term one? There just might be one, although so far we've only seen it implemented on rare occasions: bringing back old graphics cards. It's a contentious thought, I know, especially when that old GTX 1050 Ti on your local online retailer is selling beyond its MSRP many years past its prime. But there's some critical thought to it: a graphics card is better than no graphics card. And recent rumours suggest Nvidia may go one step further by bringing back the RTX 2060, perhaps with a greater memory capacity, in order to partially supply the market. I ask Dr. Goldsby for his thoughts on reviving old cards in this way. "I would expect that to happen, particularly if it can be done in a nearer term than bringing new capacity on, it can be done much more economically. I think those decisions will be made, I wouldn't be surprised if they happen among graphics card folks, chipmakers, as well as anyone out there, regardless of what they make. Even when we're talking about automobiles, you know, an analogue speedometer; someone will probably buy it. We will be able to get that product out to market." But he touches on one important thing that could sway a company to reject such an idea, something I must admit hadn't crossed my mind in quite this way. "You always have to protect the brand, right? And you don't want, particularly tech companies don't want, to be associated with not being on the cutting edge, high tech, advancing the experience. Nvidia GeForce RTX 3070 Ti Founders Edition graphics card at various angles "And so they do have to be very savvy about going, 'Hey, where can we make a buck? Where can we serve a need in the short term?' In the long term, it is about the cutting edge technology. So you've got to be very careful not to diffuse that. You wouldn't want one of those old technologies that end up in the hands of a PC Gamer reader, who's very savvy and looking for a better experience, and then only to go, 'this is terrible'." And this all comes back round to that apt comparison of tech companies as fashion houses. The latest graphics card is a designer item, and flooding the market with less than desirable options could be seen to weaken that. The way they innovate quickly, in Dr. Goldsby's words, "that's how they compete", and these companies don't spend millions of dollars marketing an image to throw that down the drain when supply becomes tight. Now do I think that writes off any possible rerelease of the RTX 2060? No, because there are many ways to market that decision, or even try and not market that card at all, that may still make it worthwhile during these desperate times. But it does help make a point about the reaction to the chip shortage in general, and that is these companies will do a lot to protect their assets, brand, and, of course, share price. So while we want to see quick action to get graphics cards in the hands of gamers, especially during uncertain times like these, it may be that we're seeing companies take a more careful, risk-averse approach—perhaps even let the chips fall where they may. Nvidia GeForce RTX 3080 Ti Founders Edition graphics cards from various angles on a desk So, when will the supply chain crisis end? The question on everyone's lips is when the supply chain crisis will end. Realistically there's no firm answer but we have some rough pointers from those in the know: the likes of Intel, TSMC, and AMD. Those with access to the raw numbers. Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger offers realistic expectation as to when new capacity will come online to address some of the demand: "I think this is a couple of years until you are totally able to address it. It just takes a couple of years to build capacity." And TSMC's CEO, C. C. Wei, told investors back in April it expects shortages to continue into 2022, at least. I do have confidence that that it will catch up. Dr. Thomas Goldsby Dr. Lisa Su, CEO of AMD, has also acknowledged that these are indeed strange times for chipmakers and supply. "We've always gone through cycles of ups and downs, where demand has exceeded supply, or vice versa," Dr. Su explained at the Code Conference. "This time, it's different." "It might take, you know, 18 to 24 months to put on a new plant, and in some cases even longer than that. These investments were started perhaps a year ago," Su continues. There's some consistency to their expectations, at least, and Dr. Goldsby firmly believes that there is an end in sight: "I do have confidence that that it will catch up, we will get more capacity online, it's gonna take time and demand will temper a bit." "If we can just get our footing, meaning that demand tempers and we get away from this fever pitch for demand. And we do see supply capacities increase, transportation regain its footing, it could be maybe by summer of next year that we were not talking about this stuff quite so much." Indeed it's not a rosy outlook, and no doubt PC gaming will have its fair share of ups and downs before there's an abundance of graphics cards. But if we can only return to something close to normalcy in pricing, and demand eases a little, we can see the return of budget PC gaming—something we've lost all but totally lost all contact with today.

Goat Simulator is a third person simulation game featuring, well, a goat. If that sounds silly that’s because it’s supposed to be. The game was made sort of as a parody of all the simulation games that came out in the last couple of years on Steam. Despite the nature of the game, it ended up being quite po[CENSORED]r. Although initially launched on the PC, the game was later ported to Mac and Linux and is now available on iOS and Android. Let’s see how it fares on the smaller screen. Gameplay Goat Simulator is a third person game in a physics sandbox world. You play as a goat and you can roam around in the world, wrecking things and causing mayhem. The controls are quite basic. On the left is a virtual joystick to move the goat around and on the right you can adjust the camera and have buttons for jumping, headbutting, and licking things (yes). There is also a ragdoll button that just makes the goat collapse or get back up if you’re already down. Another button is Power, which appears for the additional goat models and it’s functionality depends upon the chosen goat. You get points in the game for doing things like jumping, licking things, headbutting people and things, getting hit by a car, hitting a car, hitting things, and basically just about anything. The game gives you several objectives, which you can complete to get more points. The game takes place in a really small sandbox world, which takes about five minutes to explore. The world is even smaller than the PC version and does not have one area in particular behind the gas pump. There are some people in the game that you can headbutt but they just scream and fall down and there is not much point in doing that, as with everything else in this game. As mentioned before, Goat Simulator is supposed to be a joke and is not really a serious game. It is deliberately buggy and wacky, and has some references and easter eggs thrown in for good measure. It’s made to elicit a couple of chuckles every once in a while but that’s about it. If you play it as a serious game, you would be disappointed because there really isn’t much to do here, at least not something that you won’t get bored of in about an hour. Nor is it particularly hilarious. It’s like one of those joke apps that you download for a few laughs and then delete it afterwards. Graphics and Sound The original game on the PC looked quite decent but the mobile version isn’t quite as good. The lighting in particular is very bland. It’s not a terrible looking game as such but if you’ve played the PC version the mobile version seems like quite a downgrade. The PC version also had much greater draw distance and would even load buildings and objects beyond the limits of the sandbox, which the mobile version does not. The upside to this is that the game is smooth and works quite well. The sound is not much, either, but I liked the main theme music that plays in the background when you start the game, although it eventually fades away. Verdict Goat Simulator is a joke that will get a few laughs out of you every once in a while. Should you buy the game for that, though? Absolutely not. Even the developers themselves tell you to spend the money elsewhere instead of buying the game. Should you choose to buy it, keep your expectations to a minimum. Otherwise, just watch one of the many YouTube videos of this game for free and buy something else with your $5.

As shown by YouTuber RaptorRollGameplay, players can find QR codes on the sides of a certain pair of crates in Far Cry 6, scan them with the in-game phone camera, and watch a very brief trailer teasing some new content. The trailer shows a cartoon revolver cylinder waving hello and saying something mostly inaudible about animals. Then the trailer flashes to a digital map bathed in red and blue, with tiny models of what I think are temples from Far Cry 4's Kyrat. Then an image pops up of a tiger wearing some sort of armor attacking a man. Text in the upper right briefly flashes "sky temple," which might be a reference to Far Cry 4's Valley of the Yetis DLC, as one location there was called the Sky Shrine. Lastly, the map returns and we can see a few skull symbols dotted across it. While some Far Cry fans think this might be teasing a whole new installment in the franchise, I think the safer bet is that these QR codes are connected to the Far Cry 6 villain DLC, which Ubisoft has previously teased in the season pass trailer. In that mode, which will be releasing in installments sometime after the base game's release date, you take on the role of Far Cry villains Vaas, Pagan Min, and Joseph Seed in a sort of roguelike mission structure that blends what we know about each villain's backstory with trippy reality-bending world design. Pagan Min was of course Far Cry 4's villain, and tigers featured prominently in the fictional country of Kyrat, so it's possible this was a quick tease of the weird brainwashed vibes of the DLC. I don't think Far Cry 4 had tigers wearing cybernetic armor, but as we've seen in the season pass trailer, sharks can fly, so anything is possible. Regardless, we'll find out all about Far Cry 6's fictional island of Yara and what secrets it holds when the game releases later this week. Here's when Far Cry 6 unlocks in your timezone by region, and here's everything we know about Far Cry 6, including gameplay details, Steam status, and trailers.

Happy birthday ❤️

I know that I am not an administrator in Newlife but as a former administrator I want to give my opinion and proposals, I think the idea of the new newlife is great, Regarding the proposals, my first proposal is a menu of a knife with skin and the second is the accessory of a parachute with skin

#CONTRA You make activity only today, Make a good Activity and came back in 1 week

Microsoft has revealed the pricing of its perpetual-license versions of Office 2021 and listed the features and functionalities it lifted from Office 365 and dropped into the new pay-for-once suite. Office 2021, which Microsoft will aim at consumers and very small businesses, is slated to launch Tuesday, Oct. 5. Last month, Microsoft debuted Office LTSC 2021, the acronym standing for "Long-Term Support Channel," as the perpetual-license Office for commercial and government customers. Unlike Office 2021, Office LTSC 2021 is not sold retail but is available only through volume licensing. The new Office comes in two SKUs: Office Home and Student 2021 and Office Home and Business 2021. The former includes Excel, OneNote, PowerPoint, Teams and Word; the latter adds Outlook to the mix. By Microsoft's licensing terms, only Home and Business can be used for business purposes. Each SKU comes in editions for either Windows (Windows 10 or 11) or macOS (the three most-recent versions) and can be run on only one device. [ Further reading: SharePoint Online cheat sheet ] Office Home and Student 2021 will sell for $150, while Office Home and Business 2021 will cost $250. Those prices were identical to the full list prices of the same-named Office 2019 SKUs, the perpetual license versions that launched in late 2018. Microsoft had previously said it would not raise prices for these editions. Office Home and Student 2021 and Office Home and Business 2021 will be supported for only five years, half the historical decade that earlier Microsoft-branded suites received. Although Microsoft has not yet confirmed the date, Computerworld expects that support will cease Oct. 13, 2026. That date will give customers an opportunity to shave spending by skipping an upgrade. Because of the vagaries of Microsoft's support for the perpetual license Office, both Office 2016 and 2019 — the two newest editions — exit support in October 2025, or just a year before Redmond retires Office 2021. Rather than refresh to the new Office 2021, those customers may choose to wait until the next iteration, which will likely to pegged as Office 2024 or Office 2025 but released in the fall of 2024. (Although Microsoft's numbering of Office 2021 departed from its usual practice, the company has long been on a three-year release cycle. There's no indication that will change.)

Microsoft 'will be enabling VBS on most new PCs over this next year' and that can tank PC gaming performance by around 25%. Despite Microsoft's claims that "if you're a gamer, Windows 11 was made for you" you will need to watch out for future prebuilt PCs with the new OS factory installed. That's because the Big M is enabling more security features in PCs by default, and one in particular can seriously tank gaming performance. In our testing, that can add up to as much as a 28% drop in average frame rates. And you thought the TPM 2.0 restrictions were a pain... That sort of frame rate delta is like dropping down an entire tier of graphics card and, in these days where GPUs are so hard to come by, Microsoft gimping the performance of the chip in your newbuild machine would surely be hard for gamers to stomach. The issue is Virtualization-Based Security (VBS), a setting introduced into Windows 10 which uses hardware and software virtualisation to enhance the security of your system. It basically creates an isolated subsystem that helps prevent malware from screwing your PC. Microsoft explains it as follows: "VBS uses hardware virtualization features to create and isolate a secure region of memory from the normal operating system. Windows can use this 'virtual secure mode' to host a number of security solutions, providing them with greatly increased protection from vulnerabilities in the operating system, and preventing the use of malicious exploits which attempt to defeat protections." It's a feature mainly intended for enterprise customers to be able to lock down the corporate PCs they drop into their offices and make sure they don't get compromised. And if you're upgrading from Windows 10 to Windows 11 then you don't have to worry about VBS being enabled, unless you were already running an enterprise version of the older OS, that is. The issue comes if you're receiving a machine which has had an OEM build of Windows 11 installed on it. In a post from late August, the one which reintroduced the PC Health Check app for Windows 11 Insiders, Microsoft again talks up the enhanced security features of the new OS. I expect you already know about the requirements for the Trusted Platform Module (TPM 2.0), but this post also talks about VBS, and the company's desire match the Department of Defense and its demands for Virtualization-Based Security enabled as standard. "While we are not requiring VBS when upgrading to Windows 11," explains the post, "we believe the security benefits it offers are so important that we wanted the minimum system requirements to ensure that every PC running Windows 11 can meet the same security the DoD relies on. "In partnership with our OEM and silicon partners, we will be enabling VBS and HVCI on most new PCs over this next year. And we will continue to seek opportunities to expand VBS across more systems over time." We've tested a selection of games on the current release build of Windows 11, with VBS off and VBS enabled (though not actually running) and the impact is obvious. Far Cry New Dawn is the outlier here, which barely shrugs at VBS, with just a 5% reduction in frame rate. But Horizon Zero Dawn drops by some 25%, Metro Exodus by 24%, and Shadow of the Tomb Raider by 28%. Interestingly, the 3DMark Time Spy score only dropped by 10%. Why is that interesting? Because it was actually UL who brought this issue to our attention. When it updated us about Windows 11 support being baked into its full benchmarking suite of products, it made note about this performance-damaging security feature. And that's when I started benchmarking. "In our testing with pre-release builds of Windows 11," UL tells us, "a feature called Virtualization-based Security (VBS) causes performance to drop. VBS is enabled by default after a clean install of Windows 11, but not when upgrading from Windows 10. This means the same system can get different benchmark scores depending on how Windows 11 was installed and whether VBS is enabled or not. "We plan to add VBS detection to our benchmarks in a future update to help you compare scores fairly." The enablement of VBS isn't having an impact on the actual speed of the hardware in the system, however. We've dug into what's happening over multiple benchmark runs of Metro Exodus and the CPU or graphics card aren't slowing down. The average frequency of the GPU and CPU actually barely changes. What we have noticed, however, is that the power draw has dropped for both processor and graphics card. But the reason for the performance drop is surely coming from somewhere else. Best gaming PC: the top pre-built machines from the pros Best gaming laptop: perfect notebooks for mobile gaming The thing to note, though, is that VBS is not enabled by default for all clean installs of Windows 11. I downloaded the latest ISO version of the OS in order to check VBS out on our test rig, but had to do some registry editing, and BIOS tweaking, in order to actually enable it. So, it's nothing to be concerned about if you're just grabbing a Windows 11 download for a fresh install yourself. But Windows 11 PCs, built by the biggest OEMs, such as Dell, HP, and Lenovo, are looking likely to come with VBS as standard. What we're not clear about, however, is whether those companies' gaming brands will also have VBS enabled. Or whether system builders will be exempt and can continue to ship gaming PCs without VBS. My instinct says that gaming-focused brands should be able to circumvent any Microsoft request to have VBS on by default, but these are interesting times… You can quickly check whether it is on or off yourself by hitting the 'Win' key and typing 'MSInfo32', then down at the bottom of the system report it will show whether VBS is enabled. Though it might take some registry work to disable if you do discover it lurking there. We've reached out to Microsoft and certain OEMs for clarification about Windows 11 and VBS, and will update if we hear anything concrete from them. But one thing's for sure, this security feature is not making me feel secure about the gaming performance of tomorrow's PCs.

Standoff 2 is an action game and a fun To play first person shooter game which does plays well in an awesome way as it literally also makes it to be a lot fun to it's users and a lot More of other aspects on the game entirely. The standoff game actually is just a legendary game described in a cool as it's also just a "Standoff" back game which came into the form of been a dynamic first-person shooter game and yes! It's all lovely readily on every way it might seem to appear and that's fantastic as well. The game does offers a variety of weapons and Even the ones that includes the legendary AK-47 assault rifle and as well as the Desert Eagle pistol. But Apart from all this and a several of the multiplayer modes aspect, the game standoff, includes single player, in which you can face all the AI-controlled opponents. And All this are equally just what you can simply try out for free, as the game is distributed in a free-to-play business model type. The sequel and strategy to the classy Standoff game is just awesome. It's actually the type of game for people looking for something similar to CSGO game on mobile devices. The game equally lets you pick from terrorists or counter terrorists just like the Counter Strike game and it is totally a complete online multiplayer action game. It can be downloaded and installed on your Android mobile device for about 152 MB and it's also neat for lower-end devices and the few of rest is been managed by the servers as well as the people in control of the game, such could be about the game developers and anything else possibly just so it can secure and maintain the game and it modes of how it plays. What’s more again about the game, since it management was made particularly for learners, so it just needs to say the critical setup that it have to catch up in the gameplay aspect. And there again at the events, that's just were you are utilizing a lead gadget and it's quite to say that in every point you can just overlook some part totally, however for the mid-range and the low-end gadgets, you'll equally need to give careful consideration to the accompanying directions. The standoff 2 game is really a fantastic action game and there again it's all a nice game for almost everything it does as the game does features a lot of basic components on it which is like saying it features a Competitive game and many Different game modes as well which you can just get to play as the modes of the game might actually look like and it has a New models of knives, grenades, and just overall having a new weapons that makes the game to keep playing in the best way it can. Entering into the settings menu at that point of playing the game does continues to the video segment. In that spot, you will discover the paradise sitting tightly for you. As the diversion is simply giving you finish opportunities to just modify your own particular amusement designs level, even the smallest points of interest on it are just accessible for you to redo out contingent upon your inclination towards the end part of it and would also prescribe you to diminish the nature of the illustrations well ordered, as our primary point to achieve the most noteworthy quality conceivable with still a smooth gameplay encounter and this in overall must be finished by relaxing on playing the game. The game was released on the October 10 2017 and looking at this date, it is typically showing that the game was released not quite a long time as probably it was released like 1 year ago but it's quite to say that ever since the game was released they've been doing quite good since then both on the visibility aspect of it and the positive reviews and every nice good comments made by it's users all were absolutely encouraging to see cause actually lots of people really liked the game so much so that really makes no much difference on it though. And Talking about the visibility aspect of the game, right now the Game has a total of about 5 million downloads on play store and still counting as well cause literally it's a game that is been liked by all for the fantastic way it plays and all other things about it both the positive reviews and comments made by the users who've actually played the game. So There again, it's really a great game and another fun thing about it and why I loved it this much is because there wasn't much of any negative reviews about it or Rather I'll say there wasn't at all. So generally it's all an excellent game with one of the best graphical designs on it as well. The Standoff 2 game was created and developed by the axlebolt game developers which as well are the developers of other fantastic action games like the standoff multiplayer action game, the forward assault game, the modern combat five game, the dead ends, the doodle army 2 and the last but not the least which is the critical ops game. so typically there games are all good and played cool in a fantastic different way from other games and basically they deal more on developing action games so there's actually a bit difference there cause all has it's way of reasoning about it. So after the release of the game were some few features and factors that got added up to it which added up in making the game to become a more fantastic one like it is now. So here are the newly things and features that just got fixed and added up to the game; they've Fixed a bug with parts of weapons on the maps out of the game. They've added a Voting for the next map after the match ends. They've equally also Fixed a bug with AWM aiming grid, they've Returned the old sound of Desert Eagles, the Localization ban notification has also been added and lastly they've the Fixed English localization. So in general as everything got fixed and new features added to the game I'm quite sure it really made a lot difference and now the game functions well in an appropriate way it should though even without this features the game is still a standard action game that plays very well in a fantastic way too. GAMEPLAY Speaking about the gameplay, the gameplay aspect of this game actually is really a fantastic one as it does plays quite differently from most of other games even with the good ones that has almost the same similar features and design aspect on it, so it's simply just about saying that the game plays fantastically in a normal way it should and that's readily a cool thing to see on the game as well which all adds to the feel of it to it's users when playing the game and in overall, there's more fun part about the gameplay aspect of the game. While playing the game, you can equally Select the correct area you wish to play in, there are three unique districts countries which are the Europe, USA, And the Asia. They all will be featured in hues, the green side simply implies that you are ready and your inertness will be as low as it could reasonably be expected. Be that as it may, but if it turns out red, then I personally would encourage you to evade at all the cost. Indeed, even with the assistance from it's hack comes, you will in any case confronth loathsome of issues because of the postponement of the shots headed towards the bad game characters. Already speaking,they've been talking about the controls yet we actually really didn’t give it the perfect measure of time. We also just need to delve and move in further into the areas As you are given the total flexibility to tweak out your catchesi positions. What’s more, with the Standoff 2 game, you wil just be missing the privilege controlling framework to kic you into the game playing. So in the overall general aspect of the game is simply just about playing the game and completing it's missions which is all about the activities of the game. GRAPHICS Speaking about the graphics, the graphical aspect of this game is really a Nice one in general and as an action game it is, there's quite some few of certain things concerning the graphics that seemed so much Nice and well properly made, the graphical aspect of the game is really a fantastic one, the designs on it's environment is something that looks good and was never to be a pathetic one, everything Really played awesomely in the game with the perfect designs and how standard it got to be to so it's typically all about just saying that the graphical aspect of the game wasn't bad in anyway but good. The few odds about the game as I've seen it is, first off, The smooth character designs, The game characters really move fluidly and look good. And Also, The character models are good and the textures too aren't that too blurry. The blood that comes out from it is very realistic too, splattering and staying there for the rest of the game. The bad is just that there are quite a few graphical glitches and some clipping problems. but it's mostly a good looking game and perfect graphical designs. images (9).jpeg SOUND Speaking about the sound, the sound aspect of this game is also a nice directly from how it's effects looks like, the sound plays normal in a standard way as it's expected to play, it has a great sound that made the game really a cool one and not just about that but it also added to the feel of the game in general and played in a way that follows same line as an action game it is and I love every part of it cause they're all quite different and fantastic. It's just a good game and an excellent sound aspect. The sound effects are all great and sounded so realistic. the voice of the dieing and bodies of enemies are brilliantly designed. The soundtrack actually isn't all there but typically adds up to the feel of the game. The voice acting is moderate at it's best but can be forced and stiffed most times. So it all has a good sound aspect. FEATURES • Competitive games like the Defuse the bomb. • More maps • Skins and exchange between players • New models of knives, grenades, new weapons • Different game modes like the Deathmatch", "Defuse the bomb, the Arms race, and the "Capture the flag", "Robbery. images (10).jpeg DETAILS ABOUT THE GAME • Developer.......Axlebolt • Version..........0.8.4 • Offered by......Axlebolt • Released Dates......October 10 2017 • Platform.......iOS/Android/Pc • Category.... Action • Content rating.......16+ • Language........ English • Genre.........Shooting Available on play store! GENERAL RATINGS • Gameplay........9/10 • Graphics.......7/10 • Sound.......8/10 • Controls.......7/10 • Scare factors.......5/10 • Storyline......8/10 • Overall rating....... 8/10 banner-1.jpg FINAL WORD In overall, the standoff 2 game is really a fantastic action game characterized with so many things and the features too which were much of what I couldn't explain about is fantastic as the game does plays very well in a cool and awesome way, so it’s time for you to test your skills and reach the top positions in each game level. Generally if you're a lover of such action games I'll gladly recommend you play this one, so go get it on the app store. Thanks!! Thanks for reading!!!

Ghost Recon Frontline, revealed today during a livestream marking Ghost Recon's 20th anniversary, is a free-to-play PvP shooter that supports up to 100 players in team-based combat across a large, open battleground. That's right—it's a battle royale game, although its main mode has an extraction twist in the vein of Hunt: Showdown. Frontline takes Ghost Recon back to its FPS roots—more recent additions to the series, like Wildlands and Breakpoint, are third-person shooters—and promises an "advanced class system" that enables players to customize and upgrade characters. Different classes will be able to pursue unique skill paths, and will also have access to a range of deployables like auto-turrets, barricades, and smoke screens. And unlike most battle royales, Frontline characters—contractors, as they're known—can be swapped on the fly, so you can more readily adapt to whatever situation presents itself. The "flagship" mode in Frontline, called Expedition, will see 102 players in teams of three working to complete objectives, gather intel, defend it from opposing players, and then escape from the map. The process of extraction is noisy and very visible, and a perfect opportunity for other teams to swoop in while you're waiting for your ride. Other modes promise a more "casual" experience: A Ubisoft rep said Frontline will also have a Control mode at launch, although details on that haven't been revealed just yet. Assault Class - The go-to class for close-up fights. Support Class - Their fortification abilities make them excellent for holding ground. Scout Class - Reveal enemies and pester them from a distance. Frontline will evolve across multiple seasons, with new modes, maps, characters, tactical tools, and other content added during each new season. It will also support full crossplay at launch between PC, consoles, and streaming services. A launch date hasn't been set yet, but the PC-exclusive first closed beta test—unfortunately limited to players in Europe—will run October 14-21. You can sign up for that and future tests at ghostreconfrontline.com, and you can catch the full Ghost Recon 20th anniversary presentation (with the Frontline-specific segment starting at 17:00) below.

https://bestlifeonline.com/rarest-animals-on-earth/ If you take it from some researchers, there are, give or take, 8.7 million different species living on the planet. 8.7 million! In other words, for every single individual living in New York City, there's a totally different, completely unique animal. You're more than aware of some of them, of course. But for every standard-issue lion or bear, there's a Northern Hairy Nosed Wombat or a Hispaniolan Solenodon. The Cambridges Reveal New Feathery Family Members! So scroll on, and say hello to some of the most uncommon beings to live and breathe on the surface of this floating rock. Herein are the rarest animals on earth, ranging from the cute to the extraordinary to the downright scary. And for more of nature's weirdest, check out the 30 Toughest Animals You'd Never Want to Meet in a Dark Alley. 1The Pangolin Pangolin rarest animals Image via AWF Due to their status as a delicacy in China and Vietnam, and the belief that their scales have medicinal powers, "All four Asian species of pangolin are currently listed as endangered or critically endangered," says Ian Britton, who works in animal rescue in Namibia for REST Namibia and runs the Pangolin & Co. Instagram. In addition, he warns, the four species of African pangolin "are quickly moving in that direction," too (meaning toward critically endangered). With their unique look and scales made of keratin—yes, the same keratin that people pay big bucks for at the hair salon—it's unfortunate that the pangolin holds the distinction as the world's most trafficked animal. 2The Seneca White Deer Seneca White Deer Endangered Image via QUINN The Seneca white deer are an extremely rare herd of deer who are leucitic, meaning they lack pigmentation in their body, but still have brown eyes. Due to their limited number—there are about 300 in total—the species was given a protected space at the former Seneca Army Depot, where they are free from predators and open to the public to view. 3The Elephant Shrew Elephant Shrew Image via WWF "One of my favorite [creatures]" says Chris Riley, owner of travel site DaringPlanet.com, is the elephant shrew—or, if you go by its proper name, the Boni Giant Sengi. "Indigenous to the Boni Dodori forest in Kenya," he explains, the elephant shrew "has a very unusual appearance, with the body of a mouse and the head of a miniaturized anteater." Unfortunately, due to deforestation, he says, the shrew's po[CENSORED]tion has shrunk rapidly, and it "probably won't be all that long until it disappears" entirely. Approximately 13,000 total elephant shrews still exist along 19 different subspecies in the world, though some po[CENSORED]tions—such as those in the Gede Ruins National Monument—number as few as 20 individuals. 4The Ti-Liger Ti-Liger-Endangered Image via WWF "The Ti-Liger," says Danielle Radin, a journalist and ethologist, "is one of the rarest animals on the planet." In fact, this man-made mix between a liger and a tiger is barely spotted. There exists one in Oroville, California, she says, as well as somewhere between six and 10 in total around the globe. While they are usually much larger than the average tiger cub, the species—unlike other Dr. Moreau-like crossbreeds—don't usually have the health problems of their hybrid peers, meaning there's a possibility of their po[CENSORED]tion increasing. 5The Northern Hairy Nosed Wombat Hairy Nosed Wombat Image via WWF While you may have seen a wombat at your local zoo, odds are you've never set sights on this furry fella. Born with spectacularly poor eye sight, these cute critters use their noses to search for food in the darkness. All in all, Radin explains, "there are only about 115 left in the wild, all of which are found in Queensland, Australia." 6The Yangtze Finless Porpoise Yangtze Finless Porpoise Image via WWF The Yangtze River, the longest river in Asia, was once home to two species of dolphin—the finless porpoise and the Baiji dolphin. However, due to man-made environmental changes, the Baiji dolphin went extinct in 2006. Its brethren, the finless porpoise, is known for possessing a "mischievous smile" and the heightened intelligence of a gorilla. Unfortunately, its po[CENSORED]tion is quickly going the way of the Baiji dolphin, currently being listed as "critically endangered" by the WWF. As of 2013, there were 1,000 of them, though that number is thought to have decreased since then. 7The Vaquita Vaquita Endangered Image via WWF The vaquita is the world's rarest marine mammal, discovered in 1958 and having been driven almost to extinction since then. With large gray fins and a dark ring around its eyes, this porpoise is recognizable immediately, though they will quickly swim away when approached. Due to their often being drowned in nets used by illegal fishing operations in the Gulf of California, the vaquita has been reduced to a po[CENSORED]tion of around 30 individuals, and seems likely to go extinct before most of people ever get to see one. 8The Saola Saola Endangered Unicorn Image via WWF Discovered in 1992, the saola is a rare breed of mammal native to Vietnam. With two long, parallel horns, the creature is often referred to as the "Asian unicorn." Resembling an antelope, but technically related to cattle, the saola are found only in the Annamite Mountains of Vietnam and Laos, making their po[CENSORED]tion—albeit certainly extremely small—unknown in exact figures to researchers. 9The Amur Leopard Amur Leopard Image via WWF The Amur leopard is unique for its kind in that, instead of the savanna, it's settled in the Russian Far East. With particularly warm fur, and the ability to run up to 37 miles per hour, the Amur is truly a feat of nature. Despite a lifespan of 10 to 15 years, however, the Amur is extremely rare, with only about 84 currently being counted by the WWF. 10Hector's Dolphins Hector's Dolphin Image via WWF Hector's dolphins are not only the rarest but also the smallest, marine dolphin in the world. With short, husky bodies and distinctive facial markings, these unique dolphins are found only in the waters along New Zealand's North Island. Current estimates place the species at around 7,000 individuals, with some subspecies having po[CENSORED]tions as small as 55.