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There has been a remarkable global decline in the number of children women are having, say researchers. Their report found fertility rate falls meant nearly half of countries were now facing a "baby bust" - meaning there are insufficient children to maintain their po[CENSORED]tion size. The researchers said the findings were a "huge surprise". And there would be profound consequences for societies with "more grandparents than grandchildren". How big has the fall been? The study, published in the Lancet, followed trends in every country from 1950 to 2017. In 1950, women were having an average of 4.7 children in their lifetime. The fertility rate all but halved to 2.4 children per woman by last year. But that masks huge variation between nations. The fertility rate in Niger, west Africa, is 7.1, but in the Mediterranean island of Cyprus women are having one child, on average. In the UK, the rate is 1.7, similar to most Western European countries. How high does the fertility rate have to be? The total fertility rate is the average number of children a woman gives birth to in their lifetime (it's different to the birth rate which is the number of children born per thousand people each year). Whenever a country's rate drops below approximately 2.1 then po[CENSORED]tions will eventually start to shrink (this "baby bust" figure is significantly higher in countries which have high rates of death in childhood). At the start of the study, in 1950, there were zero nations in this position. 'Why I never want babies' 'I'm not having children because I want to save the planet' Hans Rosling, po[CENSORED]tion prophet: Five final thoughts Prof Christopher Murray, the director of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington, told the BBC: "We've reached this watershed where half of countries have fertility rates below the replacement level, so if nothing happens the po[CENSORED]tions will decline in those countries. "It's a remarkable transition. "It's a surprise even to people like myself, the idea that it's half the countries in the world will be a huge surprise to people."

Concept cars look beautiful and futuristic, but why do manufacturers spend millions developing them if they're never going to make it into production? Take, for example, the DS X e-tense, a "2035 dream car" produced by the French luxury brand DS. Half open-topped sports car, half luxury saloon, its outlandish styling looks as though it has come straight from the pages of a superhero magazine. Inside, it's no less radical - there's even a holographic personal assistant. It is designed to show what the company thinks a hugely powerful, all-electric self-driving machine might actually be like. It bears little relation to anything the brand currently produces, but that is hardly the point. Some of its radical styling is expected to make it on to a new road-going car that will be unveiled later this year. Other ideas will feed into future designs, and provide a road map for technical research. "A concept car is a development accelerator," explains DS design director Thierry Metroz. Its role, he says, is to "test the new technologies that we imagine for the future, and accelerate their development". Some concepts are a clear statement of intent. Three years ago, Porsche stole the headlines at the Geneva Motor Show with the Mission E - a concept for a fast, high-powered, long-range electric car.

French President Emmanuel Macron has urged world leaders marking the centenary of the World War One Armistice to reject nationalism. Addressing leaders in Paris - including US President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin - he described it as a "betrayal of patriotism". "By saying 'our interests first and never mind the others' you stamp out the most precious thing a nation has - its moral values," he said. Events are taking place worldwide. Some 9.7 million soldiers and 10 million civilians died in World War One from 1914 to 1918. Growing criticism as Trump cancels visit due to rain In pictures: Armistice Day Several world leaders also held bilateral meetings at the events. Mr Putin told journalists he had a brief conversation with Mr Trump and that it went well. However, the French organisers of the lunch event changed the lunchtime seating arrangement at the last minute so Mr Trump and Mr Putin would not be sitting next to each other, Russian media reported. What happened in Paris? Mr Macron and dignitaries walked to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, a memorial to France's fallen under the Arc de Triomphe, in the rain under black umbrellas as church bells tolled through the city. In a speech lasting nearly 20 minutes, the French leader called on fellow leaders to "fight for peace". "Ruining this hope with a fascination for withdrawal, violence or domination would be a mistake for which future generations would rightly find us responsible," he said. The service ended with the bugle call that was played at 11:00 on 11 November 1918 to signal the end of hostilities. On Sunday afternoon Mr Macron and German Chancellor Angela Merkel attended a peace conference - the Paris Peace Forum - with leaders including Mr Putin and Turkey's Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Mrs Merkel warned that "blinkered" nationalism was gaining ground in Europe and elsewhere. On Saturday Mr Macron and Mrs Merkel visited the town of Compiègne, north of Paris. They signed a book of remembrance in a railway carriage identical to the one in which the 1918 Armistice was sealed.

A man who survived a mass shooting in Las Vegas last year was among those killed in Wednesday's attack in California, his family says. Telemachus Orfanos, 27, died alongside 11 others when a man opened fire at the Borderline Bar and Grill in Thousand Oaks, north-west of Los Angeles. He escaped death last year when a gunman killed 58 people in Las Vegas. A number of survivors of that shooting, the worst in modern US history, have said they were at the bar on Wednesday. "My son was in Las Vegas with a lot of his friends and he came home. He didn't come home last night," his mother told ABC News. "I don't want prayers, I don't want thoughts, I want gun control", she said. "It's particularly ironic that after surviving the worst mass shooting in modern history, he went on to be killed in his hometown," his father told the Ventura County Star. Is there a link between mass shootings and mental illness? Why are US mass shootings getting more deadly? America's gun culture in 10 charts Police have named the suspect in Wednesday's attack as 28-year-old Ian David Long, a US Marine Corps veteran with suspected PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder). He served in Afghanistan from November 2010 to June 2011, officials say, and was found dead at the scene. Who are the victims? Telemachus Orfanos was a graduate of Thousand Oaks High School and later joined the Navy, according to his Facebook page. The Borderline Bar is po[CENSORED]r with students and was hosting a line-dancing night when the attack happened. It is close to a number of universities, one of which confirmed that a recent graduate had been killed. Justin Meek, 23, was a keen musician. California Lutheran University president Chris Kimball said that he had "heroically saved lives". Other young people caught up in the attack include Cody Coffman, 22, and 18-year-old Alaina Housley. Ventura Sheriff's Sergeant Ron Helus, who was due to retire next year, died in hospital after being shot several times. How did the shooting happen? Police say the suspect was dressed in black, and forced his way into the bar after shooting the bouncer. He threw a smoke grenade before opening fire, witnesses say. Police say he used a legally owned .45 calibre Glock semi-automatic handgun. But the weapon had an extended magazine, meaning it can carry more ammunition, which is illegal in California. "It was a huge panic. Everyone got up. I was trampled," one witness told Fox News. People escaped the bar by using chairs to break windows, while others reportedly sheltered inside the venue's toilets. At least 10 people are known to have been wounded. What else do we know? Survivors of the Las Vegas shooting say they have used the bar as a place to meet up in recent months. One survivor, Nicholas Champion, said a group of them were at the venue on Wednesday. "It's the second time in about a year and a month that this has happened," he said in a local television interview. "It's a big thing for us. We're all a big family and unfortunately this family got hit twice." "Borderline was our safe space," Brendan Kelly, who survived both attacks, told ABC News. "It was our our home for the probably 30 or 45 of us who are all from the greater Ventura County area who were in Vegas."