Germany has announced stringent new measures to limit social contact, including the closure of most shops and entertainment venues, in an attempt to stem the spread of the coronavirus.
Religious services have been banned and people told to cancel any domestic or foreign holiday travel. Germany had already announced border closures.
France said people's movement would be limited and its borders closed.
Meanwhile, the UK prime minister has urged people to avoid pubs and clubs.
Boris Johnson said people should work from home where possible and refrain from non-essential travel or having contact with others, but did not announce any forced closures.
A visual guide to the pandemic
Earlier, the head of the World Health Organization (WHO), Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, said governments were not doing enough to combat the pandemic, and urged them to step up their testing programmes.
"You can't fight a fire blindfolded and we can't stop this pandemic if we don't know who is infected," he said at a news conference in Geneva. "We have a simple message for all countries: test, test, test."
There have been more than 174,000 confirmed cases of coronavirus globally and over 6,700 deaths, according to a tally from Johns Hopkins University.
What is Germany doing?
Speaking at a news conference in Berlin, Chancellor Angela Merkel announced that most non-grocery stores would close, along with clubs, bars, leisure facilities and playgrounds.
Restaurants will have to enforce a minimum distance between tables and work under restricted hours. Mrs Merkel, however, said the government would try to minimise the economic impact of the outbreak.
Germany now has close to 5,000 confirmed cases of coronavirus, and 12 deaths. Schools across the country were closed on Monday and large gatherings nationwide had already been banned.