--Alien--

At some point in 2019, so we’re told, this wonderful country of ours will cut its ties with the EU. Whatever your views on Brexit, it’s surely not a matter of opinion that since the referendum back in June 2016, this country has singularly failed to present itself in its best light. At times, it has felt as though Great Britain has forsaken its proud history and recast itself in the role of international laughing stock. But Britain should not allow itself to be characterised by self-serving politicians any more than it should by narrow-mindedness. For this is a country of Aston Martin, Land Rover and Rolls-Royce, of the Lotus Elise’s bonded aluminium chassis, the TVR Cerbera’s AJP V8 and Ian Callum’s right hand. At this time especially, we should remember that Britain’s contribution to the automotive landscape has been a great one. This, then, is our guide to this country’s best used cars. Every one of the 20 models listed here is affordable – or at least will be after your next promotion – and a small number of them are irresistibly cheap right now. £500-£2000 Mini Cooper With every passing year, the first new Mini of the BMW era seems to look better and better. It has helped, of course, that the more recent versions have swollen increasingly as though in severe anaphylactic shock, their proportions becoming gradually less well-balanced with each new iteration. Built in the same Cowley plant as those early Rover 75s, the R53 Mini had a reputation for perky handling, particularly in Cooper guise. The truth is a 15-year-old Mini Cooper isn’t likely to drive with the same finesse it would have done when it first rolled off the line but, with serviceable cars going for less than £1000, you can surely overlook a baggy damper or two (or simply replace them at £70 a corner). There are so many cars available, you can afford to be picky, so walk away if the engine sounds at all rattly or if there’s a mayonnaise-like build-up around the coolant bottle lid, which could indicate imminent head gasket failure. One we found: 2004 Mini Cooper, 90,000 miles, £950 Jaguar S-Type V8 The most surprising thing about the Jaguar S-Type when it was unveiled at the British motor show in Birmingham in 1998 was that it somehow managed to be even more wilfully retro than the Rover 75 that was launched at the same show. Jaguar’s recent designs have been far more modern, suggesting even the S-Type’s maker realised its mistake. Nonetheless, the S-Type was good to drive and today you will find a V8 model for less than £2000. One we found: 2003 Jaguar S-Type V8, 102,000 miles, £1595 MG ZS 180 There must have been a moment in time, probably in a long-since-deserted meeting room in the bowels of Longbridge, when one engineer raised a hand and said he reckoned the company’s 178bhp V6 motor might just fit inside the Rover 45’s engine bay. Presumably, everybody else hurriedly sat up and took notice. The result was a potent small family car – available as a hatchback or a saloon – with a rasping soundtrack and genuinely engaging dynamics. One we found: 2005 MG ZS 180, 115,000 miles, £800 Nissan Primera GT Keen students of the automotive industry will be rushing to point out that the Primera GT’s maker is not actually British. Nissan is, alas, Japanese. So the Primera GT really shouldn’t count. It makes the cut, however, because having been manufactured in Sunderland, the Primera GT is British by birth, if not bloodline. With a chassis developed on the Nürburgring and a feisty 2.0-litre engine, the car is better to drive than most would ever imagine. One we found: 2000 Nissan Primera GT, 113,000 miles, £950 Rover 75 It would be all too easy to disregard the Rover 75 for being so self-consciously nostalgic. With its chrome exterior brightwork and lashings of wood veneer inside the cabin, it seems to yearn for a time when cricket was played over five days rather than 20 overs. If he had been created just a few years later, Victor Meldrew would surely have driven a Rover 75. But writing the 75 off so haughtily would do a fine executive saloon a real disservice. In its day, a good number of reviewers had it as superior to the more expensive and equally wistful Jaguar S-Type. The earliest 75s were built at Cowley in Oxfordshire but production was shifted to Longbridge in Birmingham in 2000. Today, it’s possible to find a V6-powered 75 with sensible miles for less than £1000. If properly maintained, the V6 will prove to be more durable than the four-cylinder motors, as well as being smoother and more powerful. One we found: 2001 Rover 75, 70,000 miles, £990 £2000-£5000 Jaguar XK8 The XK8 seems to have become Jaguar’s forgotten grand tourer, replaced in the first instance by the prettier and far more modern XK in 2007 and latterly – as well as indirectly, since it’s more of a sports car than a GT – by the F-Type in 2013. With an unstressed 4.0-litre V8 that develops 290bhp and more leather than an out-of-town sofa showroom, a tidy example will still have plenty of effortless high-speed wafting left in it. These days, £3000 will stretch to a high-mileage, 20-year-old car, while £4000 will afford a newer example with the updated post-2000 V8. If an XK8 feels soggy to drive, it’s mostly likely down to worn suspension bushes, while if it’s going to rust, it will do so first along the sills or up inside the wheel arches. Finally, you should anticipate running costs in line with a V8 grand tourer – any XK8 is going to like a drink. One we found: 2000 Jaguar XK8, 120,000 miles, £3900 Honda Civic Type R Built in the picturesque English market town of Swindon, the EP3 Honda Civic Type R just about qualifies as British despite its maker being nothing of the sort. Besides, it would be a pity to dismiss a truly brilliant hot hatch at what is undoubtedly a bargain-bin price simply because the company that makes it is actually Japanese. You’ll find Type Rs for less than £2000 but, if you don’t spend closer to the £3000, you do risk saddling yourself with an unloved shed of a car. That still isn’t a huge sum of money to pay for a 197bhp hot hatch with a simply divine powertrain and one of the best gearshifts in the business. You would be well advised to avoid modified cars, unless you know exactly how well it has been reworked. Get the wheel alignment checked and any worn out suspension bushes replaced, because only then will the Type R feel its best. One we found: 2003 Honda Civic Type R, 118,000 miles, £2795 Rover Mini The original Mini might well be remembered as the most iconic car this country has ever produced. Having been on sale for a staggering 41 years, there are far more models and derivatives than you can possibly count. The thing to remember, though, is that any original Mini in anything like decent condition will be a sought-after classic, and values will hold firm. By the late 1990s, the Rover Mini Cooper had as much as 62bhp. One we found: 1996 Rover Mini Cooper, 98,000 miles, £3000 Land Rover Discovery 3 Squiffy though the rear-end styling of the latest Land Rover Discovery undeniably is, it does at least serve to remind us how attractive the Discovery 3 – introduced in 2004 – actually was. It had the no-nonsense chunkiness of a Tonka toy but with a hint of modernism thrown in. The truth is you’ll be looking at a car that’s been to the moon and back at this money, but choose wisely and maintain it well and it might just repeat the journey. One we found: 2006 Land Rover Discovery 3, 140,000 miles, £4950 Vauxhall Astra VXR Just how British is the Astra VXR? It’s a very debatable point. Vauxhall is a British marque, of course, but it hasn’t been British-owned for a very long time and, although certain Astras were manufactured at Ellesmere Port in Cheshire, the VXR was not one of them. In fact, it was built in Germany. It’s a 237bhp hot hatch that can be bought in good condition for as little as £3000, though, so who’s going to argue? One we found: 2006 Vauxhall Astra VXR, 87,000 miles, £3000 £5000-15,000 Range Rover A fighting-fit L322 Range Rover must be one of the most broadly capable sub-£10,000 vehicles on the road. The trouble is, a not-so-healthy L322 will present its owner with bills and running costs so vast, the purchase price will seem like a minor inconvenience. Introduced in the early noughties and only the third all-new Range Rover, the L322 was untouchable in its day. Apart from looking both bang up to date and unmistakably like a Range Rover, it also had a superb cabin, mature on-road manners and off-road ability to burn. The earliest and leggiest cars can be picked up for just £4000, but you would be well advised to spend at least double that on a car that’s been really well looked after. The L322 does have a reputation for poor reliability, although anecdotal evidence suggests that isn’t what can be frustrating about Range Rover ownership – it’s the sheer cost of keeping these things going. One we found: 2008 Range Rover V8 Vogue, 138,000 miles, £8540 Jaguar XFR By the middle of the previous decade, Jaguar’s executives were well aware the brand and its products were in desperate need of a giant leap forward into the modern age. Whereas the S-Type’s cabin was apparently modelled on the Duke of Marlborough’s drawing room, the XF that replaced it in 2007 had a cockpit that was more akin to a West End vodka bar. Those rotating air and heating vents and the rotary gear selector that rose elegantly from the centre console on start-up would have been unthinkable in a Jaguar a few years previously. The exterior was more modern, too, although with plenty of chrome highlights and an oval grille, you still recognised the XF as a Jaguar. The XFR super-saloon, fitted with a 503bhp supercharged V8, was monstrously impressive, combining speed, dynamic response and luxury the way a true Jaguar should. The earliest examples have slipped to as little as £14,000.

Mr Strache said he resigned because he did not want to provide a pretext for the government's collapse Austrian Chancellor Sebastian Kurz has asked for a snap election after his Vice-Chancellor, Heinz-Christian Strache, resigned over a corruption scandal. Mr Kurz's centre-right People's Party is in government with Mr Strache's far-right Freedom Party. The Freedom Party leader stepped down after secret video footage emerged. The video appears to show him discussing government contracts with an alleged Russian investor. Mr Strache blamed his actions on alcohol and acting like a "teenager", saying his behaviour had been "stupid" and "irresponsible", and that he was leaving to avoid further damage to the government. "I have suggested to the president of the republic that new elections be carried out, at the earliest possible date," Mr Kurz said. "After yesterday's video, I must say quite honestly: Enough is enough," he said. "The serious part of this [video] was the attitude towards abuse of power, towards dealing with taxpayers' money, towards the media in this country," Mr Kurz said, adding that he had been personally insulted in the footage. Austrian President Alexander Van der Bellen said a snap election was necessary after Mr Strache stepped down. He said he had talked about this with Mr Kurz and that they would discuss next steps on Sunday. A crowd of thousands with placards and banners have been rallying on the square outside Mr Kurz's office, chanting "Snap elections now!" Mr Kurz has attempted to distance himself from past scandals surrounding the Freedom Party, mostly ones involving party officials and anti-Semitism or racism, but political opponents called for him to respond to the latest revelations. "This is the tip of the iceberg," Thomas Drozda, from the opposition Social Democrats, told national broadcaster ORF. "I expect the chancellor, who evidently has known about this video for 48 hours, and that his coalition partner is drowning in a swamp of corruption, to speak and explain his position." Mr Kurz said that this was not the first time he had had difficulties with the party. "Even if I didn't express myself publicly at the time, there were many situations that I found difficult to swallow," he said. What's in the video? The secretly-filmed video shows Mr Strache and Johann Gudenus - also a Freedom Party politician - talking to a woman who claims to be a wealthy Russian citizen looking to invest in Austria. The meeting reportedly took place at a villa on the Spanish island of Ibiza, in a private room with both politicians relaxing on sofas, smoking and drinking. In the footage, the woman says she is the niece of a powerful Russian oligarch. She offers to buy a 50% stake in Austria's Kronen-Zeitung newspaper and switch its editorial position to support the Freedom Party. In exchange, Mr Strache said he could award her public contracts, explaining that he wanted to "build a media landscape like [Victor] Orban", a reference to Hungary's authoritarian prime minister. The vice-chancellor also speculates that the Russian's takeover of Kronen-Zeitung could boost support for the party to as much as 34%. "If you take over the Kronen Zeitung three weeks before the election and get us into first place, then we can talk about everything," Mr Strache said. As part of the deal, he suggests the Russian woman "set up a company like Strabag", the Austrian construction firm. "All the government orders that Strabag gets now, [you] would get," he continues. Mr Strache also names several journalists who would have to be "pushed" from the newspaper, and five other "new people whom we will build up".

Most games that hand you a sword and point you in the direction of a battalion of foes feel empowering and heroic. After a few rounds of Mordhau, the prospect of heading once more into the breach seemed more terrifying than anything else. Of all the multiplayer melee games I’ve played over the years, this one has decidedly the highest skill cap and the least patience for those who haven’t taken the time to learn its complex, twitch-based combat. The upside to that is when you do go on a hot streak, you feel like way more of a badass than any of those more forgiving games can ever let you feel. The basic premise is pretty simple. In the default Frontline mode, you take up arms as a rugged warrior from one of nine classes (or you can design your own) and rush into the fray in up to 32-v-32, objective-based skirmishes on attractive, realistically-structured medieval battlefields. Then, you probably die pretty quickly to someone a bit quicker or more experienced than you and respawn, hopefully having learned something to take forward into your next brawl. Each clash of swords can look deceptively simple, but is actually highly complex in the huge variety of attacks, parries, and counters available to you. A well-scripted and straightforward tutorial will run you through the fundamentals, but it’s another matter entirely to execute the correct moves at the right time. It takes many hours just to start feeling competent, but the satisfaction of growing confidence as your execution improves is something no numerical progression system can really replicate. It reminded me a lot of Sekiro, in that I started out as an absolute scrub and eventually started to think of myself as a badass swordsman. I mean, at least sometimes. Swift as a coursing river Everything you do in melee is highly dependent on split-second timing, so sloppy or indecisive swordplay will be punished heavily by experienced players. You can’t hold down block while brandishing a sword, for instance. Left-click executes a timed parry that only works for about a second, so you need to sync it up with your opponent’s movements. And almost any defensive measure you deploy has an equivalent counter that will slap it aside with ease, so most duels will favor whichever player can read their opponent and react quickly and aggressively. It is a bit of a bummer that there’s not a lot you can do when you’re just learning the ropes and want to take a more relaxed, support role. There is an engineer class who can shake things up by deploying siege weapons and the like, but I often found my contributions in this area were relatively small and easily undone by the other classes. In other multiplayer games like Battlefield 5 and Overwatch, I can focus on reviving teammates or locking down a point if I want a little bit of a break from high-intensity combat, and Mordhau doesn’t support that playstyle especially well. Even with its early success, I worry that this will shrink the number of players who can really get into Mordhau. If I want to invite my younger cousin who isn’t up to Murderlord level in melee action games into a match, there would be comparatively less for him to do that might make him feel useful. Even the most hardened swordsman has to admit that giving less twitch skilled players something meaningful to do only helps fill the servers and give us more fresh meat to beat up on. That doesn’t work if they all get frustrated and leave. Archery, too, I found a bit disappointing. Mordhau has gone the route of making arrows very powerful, but very difficult to land a hit with. Drawing back the bow requires about a second in which your crosshair moves in a semicircle, making it almost impossible to aim, then gives you a couple seconds of a steady hand before you start to wobble and lose your aim. The projectiles themselves are fairly slow and experience significant drop-off after leaving the string. This comes across as very realistic, but not especially fun, and it makes becoming an even somewhat effective archer even more difficult than getting the hang of melee. The root of the problem is trying to simulate realistic archery in what are, ultimately, pretty unrealistic conditions. You didn’t see a lot of medieval battles with a couple dozen guys in armor darting around in loose formation, changing direction on a dime, jumping over logs and intermingling with each other’s troops. It’s chaos, usually leaving archers vulnerable on the sidelines to skirmish and try to take 1000-to-1 shots of opportunity at individual targets. In reality, these types of troops would only have been deployed en masse to fire at stationary formations. The one place it does work kind of decently is on maps with walls or a palisade where archers can take shots at advancing enemies from a position of safety. But on bigger, open battlefields, what’s the point? Mordhau also features two other gameplay modes: an at this point almost ubiquitous Battle Royale and a player vs AI Horde mode. I didn’t like either of them as much as the default Frontline, but Horde can be a fun way to learn the ropes with the help of some more skilled players without having to worry too much about being skewered by those same veterans. In Horde, you start with no equipment and have to kill waves of AI attackers to get money to buy better stuff. The baddies will keep pace with you, however, gaining better equipment and coming in greater numbers from one wave to the next. Their combat ability is significantly inferior to a skilled player's, but they have a tendency to mob up on any solo fighters they can single out. It becomes important to stick together and use formations and natural choke points to survive. Overall, it’s not as much a test of the things Mordhau does best as the PvP modes, but it’s still a fair bit of fun. Battle Royale is my least preferred of Mordhau’s modes. Like Horde, you start with no equipment and have to scramble for randomized loot from chests scattered across the map. It’s a familiar song and dance from there, as the playable area will slowly shrink to force confrontations and the last one standing wins. Having played other Battle Royales, I didn’t find anything spectacular about it that would convince me to come back when there are so many existing options for battle royale and Mordhau’s other modes are more entertaining. It's also not the best fit for newer players. If you haven’t really mastered the melee systems yet, you’re likely to die quickly and then sit around for several minutes while the match finishes or requeue and wait for a new round, which may take a while itself depending on how the servers are behaving. Either way, you don’t get thrown back into the action as quickly like in Frontline, which means fewer chances to learn from your mistakes and test out new tactics. I’d therefore recommend avoiding it until you’re already finishing in the top half in Frontline matches. Class conscious Mordhau’s kit design and progression system is very in-depth and interesting, aside from the odd fact that you get the choice between several skin colors that are all just different shades of white. This isn’t supported by history to begin with, but Mordhau also doesn’t seem to be trying to simulate any real-life historical factions or events, which makes it especially weird. There are a lot of meaningful equipment options, which let you be anything from a lightly-armored berserker with a big, eff off axe to a tanky knight of the realm with full plate and a deadly mace. New visual and mechanical options unlock as you level up your profile from one match to the next, so there’s always something shiny and new to look forward to. My biggest complaint is online stability. The matchmaking sometimes doesn’t even work at all (though I had very few problems joining matches from the server browser), and there were times when I spent over two hours in a queue without successfully getting into a match. That experience wasn’t super common, but random lag spikes and even getting booted from a game due to connection issues were. Performance was also very inconsistent on some maps even with a GTX 1070. The devs are aware of these issues and it has seemingly been getting better over the last couple weeks, thankfully. But I still haven’t successfully queued for Frontline through the matchmaking even once, so you’ll want to use the server browser for that mode. If you’ve got the patience and dexterity to take full advantage of its melee combat, Mordhau can be a real treat. Especially in the Frontline mode, slashing and stabbing across its beautiful and well-designed maps was really entertaining once I got my feet under me. The high skill cap and lack of good supporting roles can make it feel tiring at times, but it’s mostly worth it for the satisfaction that comes with increasing mastery.

The United States government is working on a “do not buy” list to block companies that are using software coming from Russia or China. This work has been going on for the past six months as the Pentagon intends to help the Department of Defense’s acquisitions staff and the industry partners to avoid buying code that doesn’t meet “national security standards.” “What we are doing is making sure that we do not buy software that has Russian or Chinese provenance,” Ellen Lord, the under secretary of defense for acquisition and sustainment, said on Friday. “Quite often that’s difficult to tell at first glance because of holding companies.” Worried of spying attempts, Pentagon is hustling to block contractors potentially using problematic code The Pentagon hasn’t shared any details into who might be affected. Lord only added that the DoD has identified “certain companies” whose work is not consistent with the country’s defense standards. These companies are being put on a list that is circulated within the industry to help military’s software buyers and vendors to avoid including any problematic code. Reports suggest that the Pentagon is working with three major defense industry trade associations, including the Aerospace industries Association, the National Defense Industrial Association and the Professional Services Council, to alert contractors. “It’s a huge education process.” Today’s announcement comes ahead of an expected Pentagon’s spending bill. This bill contains provisions to force tech companies to disclose if they allow countries like Russia and China to have access to the source code of software that is also sold to the US military. Reuters suggests that this legislation is in response to the investigations that had revealed that American software makers are being forced by Russian and Chinese governments to share their source code. The DoD now fears that this access could enable the adversaries to spot vulnerabilities and use them against the Pentagon.

AMD has announced that its CEO, Dr. Lisa Su, will be delivering a keynote at this year’s Hot Chips symposium which would include a session on their next-generation CPU and GPU cores. AMD’s announcement comes just weeks ahead of their Computex 2019 keynote where AMD will also introduce to public their 3rd Gen Ryzen CPUs and new Radeon GPUs. AMD at Hot Chips 2019: Architectural Deep Dive into Zen 2 (3rd Gen Ryzen) CPU Core and Navi (Radeon) GPU Core The Hot Chips Symposium on High-Performance chips will commence on 18th August with AMD planning to hold their own conference during the event on 19th August at Palo Alto at 1:45 PM PT. During the conference, AMD is expected to talk about two key architectures that are powering their next-generation CPU and GPU lineups, Zen 2 and Navi. In her keynote, ‘Delivering the Future of High-Performance Computing with System, Software and Silicon Co-Optimization’, Su will highlight the opportunities for future generations of computing and graphics products to deliver more performance with greater efficiency. via AMD Additionally, AMD will host Hot Chips sessions on the next generation “Zen 2” x86 CPU core and “Navi” GPU featuring 7nm process technology: “Zen 2”: On Monday, Aug. 19 at 9:00 AM PT, AMD will provide a deep dive into the next generation 7nm “Zen 2” core architecture to be deployed in 3rd Generation Ryzen desktop processors and 2ndGeneration EPYC servers. “Navi”: On Tuesday, Aug. 20 at 6:15 PM PT, AMD will provide a “Navi” GPU architecture and 7nm technology implementation presentation. In addition to AMD’s chips, there will be several other keynotes from other industry leaders such as Intel, NVIDIA, IBM, etc. All tech giants will be talking about their latest high-performance chips. What is interesting about the dates is that the products that are usually discussed during Hot Chips are generally launched and available in the market hence companies can provide a deeper look at the architecture itself. Since the event takes place in August, it is likely that AMD would have the products on shelves before that either in July or early August. We have already heard from our own sources that early July is the most likely launch of AMD’s Ryzen 3000 series processors with Radeon Navi GPUs following shortly. AMD Ryzen 3000 Series Desktop CPUs – Here’s What To Expect The AMD Ryzen 3000 lineup is based on the new Zen 2 core architecture which is made possible with TSMC’s bleeding edge 7nm process node. AMD has reaffirmed that their Zen 2 based Ryzen 3000 series processors for the AM4 desktop platform will be available in mid of 2019. Back during CES 2019, AMD demoed an 8 core sample of their 3rd Gen Ryzen desktop processor against Intel’s Core i9-9900K. The AMD sample was not only faster but consumed much lower power. The sample, however, was just the tip of the iceberg as AMD assured that it was still an early version and final clock speeds would be higher in retail variants. Not only that but the Ryzen 3000 series CPUs were later confirmed to feature up to 16 cores as there is space available for a second Zen 2 die on the main chip interposer which should bring enthusiast level multi-threading performance down to the AM4 platform. AMD has made significant changes to their CPU architecture which help deliver twice the throughput of their first generation Zen architecture. The major points include an entirely redesigned execution pipeline, major floating point advances which doubled the floating point registers to 256-bit and double bandwidth for load/store units. One of the key upgrades for Zen 2 is the doubling of the core density which means we are now looking at 2x the core count for each core complex (CCX). Improved Execution Pipeline Doubled Floating Point (256-bit) and Load/Store (Doubled Bandwidth) Doubled Core Density Half the Energy Per Operation Improved Branch Prediction Better Instruction Pre-Fetching Re-Optimized Instruction Cache Larger Op Cache Increased Dispatch / Retire Bandwidth Maintaining High Throughput for All Modes Zen 2 also includes stronger hardware level enhancements when it comes to security. This further solidifies AMD CPUs against enhanced Spectre variants and these mitigations will be adopted fully by Zen 2. When it comes to Zen, AMD already had strong software level support when it came to security and they have further enhanced it through low-level software mitigations. AMD X570 Chipset – A New House For AMD’s Next-Gen Ryzen 3000 Series CPUs As we saw with X470, there were a few features for the Ryzen 2000 series processors which were only supported by new motherboards such as Precision Boost Overdrive and XFR 2.0. There’s no doubt that AMD’s Zen 2 based Ryzen mainstream processor family would come with new features but the main highlight would be support for PCIe Gen4. The X570 platform will be an all PCIe Gen4 solution, which means this would most probably be the first consumer platform to feature support for the new PCIe standard. That, however, doesn’t mean that AMD Ryzen 3000 series would only be compatible on X570 boards since just like last time, the new CPUs will be backward compatible with X470 & X370 boards too. Following are links to the respective motherboard manufacturers BIOS release for existing motherboards to support 3rd Gen AMD Ryzen CPUs: They certainly won’t display the same feature set that will be available on the newly launched X570 lineup but will feature fully stable functionality for users who just want to drop in a new CPU and continue using their PCs without the hassle of upgrading the motherboard and everything from scratch. AMD Radeon Navi Graphics Cards – Here’s What To Expect We know a few tidbits about the features the AMD Navi GPUs would support such as Ray Tracing which was recently confirmed to be a highlight on the next-gen Sony and Microsoft consoles which are utilizing AMD Navi 10 GPUs and Zen 2 based Ryzen CPUs. There was also talk about Variable Rate Shading being introduced on Navi GPUs as a bid by AMD to more modernize their Radeon graphics card for the mainstream market. Navi would possibly be the last GPU architecture based on AMD’s GCN (Graphics Core Next) DNA. It was confirmed through AMD’s Linux driver that Navi is indeed based on GCN and has the latest GFX1010 codename while Vega was termed as GFX900. There would be some major improvements made on the Navi architecture in terms of IPC and 7nm efficiency would be a showcase of the new cards, providing more drastic results compared to the Radeon VII which was also 7nm based but was simply a die shrunk Vega 10 GPU (Vega 20). We have already seen a leaked PCB shot for an upcoming Navi based GPU with GDDR6 memory and some rumored specifications which I have listed down below but one thing is for sure, Navi based Radeon GPUs will replace the existing mainstream cards while the Radeon VII will continue serving the enthusiast market as AMD’s flagship until a high-end Navi card is introduced which is currently rumored for sometime in 2020.

BMW will celebrate 35 years of its M5 super saloon with a limited-run reworking of the 616bhp M5 Competition. The BMW M5 Edition 35 Years features the same tuned version of the twin-turbocharged 4.4-litre V8 engine as the M5 Competition, which produces 553lb ft of torque and can achieve 0-62mph in 3.3sec on its way to a limited top speed of 155mph. The four-wheel-drive model also features the lowered and stiffened suspension from the M5 Competition, along with ball-joined rear suspension mountings and upgraded front anti-roll bars. The 350 examples of the M5 Edition 35 Years that will be produced feature a number of design changes, including a new metallic grey paint and new 20in alloy wheels. The brake callipers are finished in high-gloss black, while those on the optional M carbon ceramic brakes are available in a gold finish. The interior features a number of trim finishes featuring a gold-anodised carbon structure in the door trim, instrument panel and centre console. The door sills and cupholder covers feature M5 Edition 35 engravings. The M5 Edition 35 Years will go on sale in July. No pricing details have been revealed, but it's likely to be above the £96,205 of the M5 Competition. The first M5, which featured an in-line six-cylinder motor taken from the mid-engined M1 supercar, was launched in late 1984.

These crunchy, spicy lentil balls, similar to falafel or Indian 'vada', are one of the most po[CENSORED]r street food snacks, or 'gajacks', in Mauritius ( ) Chilli dhal fritters – gateaux piments, mauritius Yellow split peas are soaked in water overnight so they plump up and are easier to crush. They are then spiked with plenty of green chillies and fresh coriander before being rolled into small balls and deep fried. Eat them straight away, alongside other snacks like samosas and dunked into Coriander green chilli chutney or, like the locals do, stuffed into crusty baguettes. 200g yellow split peas 3 spring onions, finely chopped 2 tbsp finely chopped coriander 2–3 green chillies, finely chopped 1 tsp salt Freshly ground black pepper 1 litre vegetable oil, for deep frying The peas should have puffed up slightly and the water reduced by the next morning. Drain them well and tip into a food processor. Blitz until the peas are a coarse paste and clump together. Tip the crushed peas into a large mixing bowl and add all the other ingredients apart from the oil. Combine well with a spoon. Take a tablespoon of the mixture in your hands and, pressing firmly, form into a ball shape (about the size of a golf ball). Each will weigh around 25g and you should get 25 balls. Repeat with the remaining mixture and place them all on a plate ready to be fried. Pour the vegetable oil into a deep, heavy-based saucepan or deep fat fryer and heat to 180°C. You can tell when the oil is the right temperature by dropping a small cube of bread into the oil. If it browns evenly in 30 seconds then it is ready. When the oil is hot enough, carefully drop in the balls (about four or five at a time, to prevent overcrowding in the pan). The fritters should sizzle in the oil. Using a fork or a slotted spoon gently move them around so they colour evenly. It will take a couple of minutes until they are golden brown and cooked throughout. If they brown too quickly, reduce the heat slightly to make sure they cook inside. Drain on a wire rack with kitchen paper underneath to catch any excess oil. Serve with Coriander green chilli chutney or crushed into a crusty white baguette Maldivian tuna curry – dhon riha, maldives This warm, tangy fish curry is cooled with mellow coconut milk. It celebrates two cherished ingredients in Maldivian cuisine: tuna and coconut. The latter is served at almost every meal, whether the milk is extracted and added to curries like this or it is freshly grated or sliced and used as a condiment. The tuna is enhanced with southern Indian spices including cardamom, curry leaves and turmeric. It doesn’t take long to cook, so this dish can be ready to eat in under thirty minutes, perfect for a midweek meal with steamed rice. ʻDhon rihaʼ is also enjoyed at breakfast by locals, served with rice, chillies and ʻroshiʼ (thin Maldivian flatbreads) or my Island-style rotis (p.138) on the side, which are perfect for scooping up the sauce. Serves 2–4 Prep: 15 mins Cook: 15 mins .................... 500g tuna steak, cut into 2.5cm pieces 1 tbsp coconut oil 4 garlic cloves, finely chopped 2 cardamom pods, seeds only, crushed 2.5cm piece of fresh root ginger, peeled and finely chopped 10 curry leaves, finely chopped 1 green chilli, finely sliced 1 onion, finely sliced ½ tsp ground fennel seeds ½ tsp ground cumin ½ tsp ground turmeric ½ tsp black pepper 400ml tin coconut milk 1 cinnamon stick Sea salt Coriander, to garnish Lightly salt the fish and set aside. In a large saucepan, warm the coconut oil over a medium heat until simmering. Add in the garlic, cardamom, ginger, curry leaves and chilli. Let this sauté until fragrant – usually around 30 seconds. Add the onion slices and cook until softened, around 5–7 minutes. Add the rest of the spices: the fennel, cumin, turmeric and black pepper. After around a minute they will mingle together and become aromatic. Bring to a simmer and gently add the fish pieces to the sauce. They will cook fairly quickly. After 5 minutes, the fish should be tender, opaque and cooked throughout and the curry will be ready to serve. Drizzle over the extra coconut milk, scatter with the coriander and serve with a heap of rice. Creamy sweet potato soup – comoros and mayotte The flavours in this heartwarming soup are a match made in the tropics. The cayenne pepper offers a pleasing heat, the ginger adds a note of spice and the coconut milk lends a mellow creaminess, but it is the sweet potato that’s the star of the show. This starchy tuber is a particularly important crop in Comoros; the island’s native potatoes are ʻKatuna’ (with red skin and yellow flesh) and ʻZora’ (with yellow skin and white flesh). They are boiled, mashed, fried and ground into a flour to make cakes and even used to break fasting during the religious month of Ramadan. Don’t miss out the lime wheel at the end; this flash of sharp citrus complements the natural sweetness of the potato Serves 4 as a starter, 2 as a main Prep: 10 mins Cook: 25 mins ............. 2 tbsp coconut oil 1 onion, diced 2 garlic cloves, finely chopped 2.5cm piece of fresh root ginger, peeled and finely grated 2 large sweet potatoes, peeled and cut into 4cm chunks (550g) 1 large ripe tomato, roughly chopped ¼ tsp cayenne pepper 1 tsp sea salt Freshly ground black pepper 200ml coconut milk Heat the coconut oil in a deep saucepan over a medium heat and fry the diced onion and garlic together in the pan for 5 minutes, stirring frequently to prevent them sticking to the bottom. Add the grated ginger, sweet potato, tomato, cayenne pepper, salt and some black pepper. Give it a good stir to ensure everything is mixed well. Pour in 500ml water, bring to the boil, then cover with the lid and let this simmer for 15–20 minutes until the sweet potato is soft and tender. Place the contents of the saucepan in a blender and whiz until smooth. Pour back into the saucepan on a low simmer, add in 150ml of the coconut milk and stir gently. Check for seasoning to see if more salt or pepper is needed. Serve the soup in bowls, with a drizzle of the remaining coconut milk, laying a few of the lime wheels on top of the soup. Scatter over mint and coriander leaves to garnish. Serve with some crusty bread.

The US has reached a deal with Canada to lift tariffs on steel and aluminium imports in a move that could lead to approval for a new North American trade deal. In a joint statement, the US and Canada announced that a 25% tariff on steel imports, and of 10% on aluminium, will end in 48 hours. It is widely expected the US and Mexico will make a similar announcement soon. The US implemented the tariffs last year on grounds of "national security". Under the agreement, there will be no quotas on how much steel or aluminium the three countries buy from overseas. However, the US and Canada will monitor imports and if a country is determined to be buying in too much, one of the other nations can request a consultation and potentially re-impose tariffs. What does the agreement mean? Getting rid of the tariffs is viewed as a key hurdle to approval for the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) trade deal which was signed in 2018. It replaced the North American Free Trade Agreement. Providing that Washington and Mexico City also announce an agreement to lift levies on steel and aluminium, the US, Mexico and Canada will ask their respective governments to ratify USMCA. Canada also announced that it would lift tariffs on US imports of steel and aluminium that it implemented last year in retaliation for the Trump administration's levies. A win awaits for the 'tariff man' Analysis by Michelle Fleury, New York business correspondent The spotlight had been on rising trade tensions between the US and China. So America's decision to lift tariffs on steel and aluminium coming from Canada and Mexico was a surprise bit of good news. (L-R) Mexico's then President Enrique Pena Nieto, US President Donald Trump, Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau sign the USMCA deal As it holds the line with China, the US is now pushing forward with a trade deal much closer to home. Remember the USMCA trade agreement - meant to replace NAFTA? No? Hardly a surprise. It has been languishing in the background. For almost a year now these tariffs had been an obstacle to ratification of the deal. Canada and Mexico had vowed not to move ahead as long as they were in place. And several members of Congress had also raised objections. This now raises the odds of it crossing the finishing line, opening up a new era of trade expansion in North America. For Mr Trump, who loves tariffs so much he called himself the 'tariff man', this would be a big win. And who knows, trade peace in North America might even strengthen his hand in negotiations with China. It also targeted US farm goods as well as items like tomato ketchup and household products. Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said on Friday: "These tariffs were harming workers and consumers on both sides of the border. As we look at moving forward with the new NAFTA, it didn't make a lot of sense to continue to have tariffs on steel and aluminium between our countries." What about other countries hit with US tariffs? European Union steel and aluminium exports to the US are still subject to the tariffs, but there has been some good news for trade relations between the two - on Friday President Donald Trump delayed a decision on whether to impose levies on cars and car part imports. The White House has put back the decision by six months to allow more time for trade talks with the European Union and Japan. Tariffs of up to 25% on imported cars and car parts were under consideration. A report by the Commerce Department claimed that imports of foreign-made cars and auto parts into the US were a threat to national security. The report has not been published, but in Friday's announcement Mr Trump cited its findings which conclude that US carmakers are missing out on revenues to invest in research and development (R&D). It said: "The lag in R&D expenditures by American-owned producers is weakening innovation and, accordingly, threatening to impair our national security." The president said he agreed with the study's finding that imported cars and trucks were "weakening our internal economy". How are US relations with major trading partners? The deal with Canada, as well as the delay in higher tariffs on EU and Japanese cars and auto parts, come at a critical time for the US and China - the world's two biggest economies. On Monday, Beijing implemented retaliatory tariffs on US imports after Mr Trump lifted levies on a further $200bn of Chinese goods, following a breakdown in trade talks between the two nations. The US President characterised it as a "little squabble". However, shortly afterwards, Mr Trump declared a "national emergency" to protect US computer networks from "foreign adversaries". While the announcement did not name any individual companies, it was widely perceived to be directed at Huawei, the Chinese telecoms equipment maker, which has faced claims its products could be used by China for surveillance. Huawei has vehemently denied the allegations.

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Tim Cook Revealed 4 Million People are Beta Testing iOS 12, macOS Mojave, tvOS 12 and watchOS 5 – No Exact Breakdown Revealed Apple’s new software is due for release this fall and it includes iOS 12, macOS Mojave, tvOS 12 and watchOS 5. Currently the software is in beta and is available for registered developers to test out. However, through the Beta Software Program initiative, normals out there can go ahead and give iOS 12, macOS Mojave and tvOS 12 a spin absolutely free as well – watchOS 5 is not included in the public beta initiative. This means that the horizon for testing out Apple’s software is rather vast, thanks to the wide support which Apple is providing in its hardware lineup. For example, anyone with a device that can run iOS 11 can go right ahead and try out iOS 12 Public Beta for free. The interesting thing to note here is that Tim Cook revealed that currently four million people are testing out Apple’s upcoming software lineup. The only downside to this news is that the CEO did not went ahead to reveal the exact breakdown of which software is being used the most out in the field. But if we are to take a wild guess, then it wouldn’t be surprising if iOS 12 tops the list of the software being more tested out there in the wild. Again, it’s just a wild guess, so take it with a pinch of salt. This news is an extremely big deal for Apple as it gives the company a huge base of users who are filing bug reports and ensure that the final shipping firmware is as rock solid as possible. Though nothing is always perfect still. Take an example of iOS 11’s launch for instance. It was marred with a handful of bugs despite being tested vigorously out in the wild. Let’s just hope Apple gets its software act absolutely perfect this time around.

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Intel recently disclosed vulnerabilities related to its Microarchitectural Data Sampling technique (another speculative execution attack vector) and Apple has rolled out an advisory that full mitigation of MDS may reduce performance by up to 40% in some cases. While hardware level mitigation is present in 8th Generation Intel processors and above – this does spell trouble for security conscious users running 7th gen hardware and below. Intel 8th Generation and higher processors have hardware-level mitigation for MDS with no performance deterioration Intel Hyper Threading is the feature most closely associated with the MDS attack vector and while turning it off wont keep you safe from all speculative execution attack vectors, it will protect you from this particular variant. Here is what Apple had to say about the situation: Intel has disclosed vulnerabilities called Microarchitectural Data Sampling (MDS) that apply to desktop and notebook computers with Intel CPUs, including all modern Mac computers. Although there are no known exploits affecting customers at the time of this writing, customers who believe their computer is at heightened risk of attack can use the Terminal app to enable an additional CPU instruction and disable hyper-threading processing technology, which provides full protection from these security issues. This option is available for macOS Mojave, High Sierra and Sierra and may have a significant impact on the performance of your computer. Testing conducted by Apple in May 2019 showed as much as a 40 percent reduction in performance with tests that include multithreaded workloads and public benchmarks. Performance tests are conducted using specific Mac computers. Actual results will vary based on model, configuration, usage, and other factors. We reached out to Intel to get their official response and this is what they had to say about the matter: Microarchitectural Data Sampling (MDS) is already addressed at the hardware level in many of our recent 8th and 9th Generation Intel® Core™ processors, as well as the 2nd Generation Intel® Xeon® Scalable Processor Family. For other affected products, mitigation is available through microcode updates, coupled with corresponding updates to operating system and hypervisor software that are available starting today. When these mitigations are enabled, minimal performance impacts are expected for the majority of PC client application based benchmarks. Performance or resource utilization on some data center workloads may be affected and may vary accordingly. Once these updates are applied, it may be appropriate for some customers to consider additional steps. This includes customers who cannot guarantee that trusted software is running on their system(s) and are using Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT). In these cases, customers should consider how they utilize SMT for their particular workload(s), guidance from their OS and VMM software providers, and the security threat model for their particular environment. Because these factors will vary considerably by customer, Intel is not recommending that Intel® HT be disabled, and it’s important to understand that doing so does not alone provide protection against MDS. We’ve provided more information on our website and continue to encourage everyone to keep their systems up to date, as its one of the best ways to stay protected. Let me know if you have any follow-up questions. So as it stands right now, if you are in the security conscious camp, you have two choices. You can either upgrade to an Intel 8th Generation or higher processor or you can turn off hyper threading. Unfortunately however, since turning off hyper threading will not protect you against the rest of the speculative execution related threads, there is no real point in doing so and earning the performance cost. Ever since the Meltdown and Spectre reveals, a brand new branch of attacks has been opened for security researchers to exploit in modern processors and it will take a couple of generations before the semiconductor industry can iron out the kinks and roll out hardware level mitigations for these. Interestingly, almost all of these attacks have to do with processors guessing how a certain instruction is going to end in advance and if the veracity of these attacks is anything to go by – they are pretty good at it!

New WHO Guidelines recommend specific interventions for reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia 14 May 2019 – People can reduce their risk of dementia by getting regular exercise, not smoking, avoiding harmful use of alcohol, controlling their weight, eating a healthy diet, and maintaining healthy blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels, according to new guidelines issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) today. “In the next 30 years, the number of people with dementia is expected to triple,” said WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. “We need to do everything we can to reduce our risk of dementia. The scientific evidence gathered for these Guidelines confirm what we have suspected for some time, that what is good for our heart, is also good for our brain.” The Guidelines provide the knowledge base for health-care providers to advise patients on what they can do to help prevent cognitive decline and dementia. They will also be useful for governments, policy-makers and planning authorities to guide them in developing policy and designing programmes that encourage healthy lifestyles. The reduction of risk factors for dementia is one of several areas of action included in WHO’s Global action plan for the public health response to dementia. Other areas include: strengthening information systems for dementia; diagnosis, treatment and care; supporting carers of people with dementia; and research and innovation. WHO’s Global Dementia Observatory, launched in December 2017, is a compilation of information about country activities and resources for dementia, such as national plans, dementia-friendly initiatives, awareness campaigns and facilities for care. Data from 21 countries, including Bangladesh, Chile, France, Japan, Jordan and Togo, have already been included, with a total of 80 countries now engaged in providing data. Creating national policies and plans for dementia are among WHO’s key recommendations for countries in their efforts to manage this growing health challenge. During 2018, WHO provided support to countries such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Qatar, Slovenia and Sri Lanka to help them develop a comprehensive, multi-sectoral public health response to dementia. An essential element of every national dementia plan is support for carers of people with dementia, said Dr Dévora Kestel, Director of the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse at WHO. “Dementia carers are very often family members who need to make considerable adjustments to their family and professional lives to care for their loved ones. This is why WHO created iSupport. iSupport is an online training programme providing carers of people with dementia with advice on overall management of care, dealing with behaviour changes and how to look after their own health.” iSupport is currently being used in eight countries, with more expected to follow. Dementia: a rapidly growing public health problem Dementia is an illness characterized by a deterioration in cognitive function beyond what might be expected from normal ageing. It affects memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language and judgement. Dementia results from a variety of diseases and injuries that affect the brain, such as Alzheimer disease or stroke. Dementia is a rapidly growing public health problem affecting around 50 million people globally. There are nearly 10 million new cases every year. Dementia is a major cause of disability and dependency among older people. Additionally, the disease inflicts a heavy economic burden on societies as a whole, with the costs of caring for people with dementia estimated to rise to US$ 2 trillion annually by 2030.

A firm named Bolt, aptly backed by runner extraordinaire Usain Bolt, has revealed a two-seat electric car, called the Bolt B-Nano, designed for short, inner-city journeys. Bolt initially launched a range of micro-scooters intended for trips of up to two miles, but it has now introduced the car to its range. The B-Nano addresses journeys of between two and 15 miles. The one-plus-one – a similar set-up to the Renault Twizy – is designed to fit through a doorway and has space for bags. No technical details of the machine, such as the battery range or speed, have been released. Bolt claims the B-Nano, unveiled at the Viva Technology conference in Paris, France, is the only electric micro-car in the world to use swappable batteries. Seat unveiled its Minimó quadricycle in March this year, which also uses swappable batteries. However, this isn't due to make production until 2021. By contrast, orders are now being taken for the Nano. The B-Nano has been created for ride-sharing, so you can use the car and park it whenever and wherever you want. While many e-scooter systems rely on staff collecting them in vans and taking them to be charged, the intention is that the Bolt's swappable batteries cen be replaced by staff wherever they are parked. There will also be charging stations that users can dock the cars at. Bolt’s main announcement at Vivatech was a plan to expand its scooter service into Paris. It aims to spread to other European cities in near future, although the UK is unlikely due to regulatory issues. The Bolt company was founded in 2018 and is based in Florida, US. Its website states it was launched to “fill the gaps in micro mobility”. It adds: “Bolt has conducted extensive research within urban areas and is prepared to revolutionise transportation. We believe that we can provide a scooter that will aid in alleviating transit issues including traffic congestion with little to no impact on pedestrian comfort." Design boss Alejandro Mesonero told Autocar that the brand is "working on the production version now which will come in 2021. The shape won’t change but the materials will.” The tiny all-electric quadricycle, similar to the Renault Twizy, has been developed to “help meet the challenges of city driving, emission regulations… the increasing fatigue of traffic jams or the lack of parking spaces”. Measuring just 2.5m long and 1.24m wide, the Minimó is less than half the footprint of the average A-segment city car. It blends motorbike details, such as a single headlight, with an SUV-like driving position, relatively exposed 17in wheels and asymmetrical doors which are designed to open in tight spaces. "Even if a car is for car sharing it needs to be attractive," said Mesonero. "If it’s not, we will fail". The Minimó’s interior is described as offering a “tactile, clean and comfortable space”, with a generous 1+1 seating layout giving equal amounts of room to driver and passenger. Seat claims its 360deg view offers unrivalled visibility. The concept’s electric motor and 15kWh battery pack allow a modest 62 miles of range on a single charge, but Seat has designed the pack to be removed from under the floor and swapped for a charged pack “in a matter of seconds”. A traditional plug-in model is also under consideration. A central display inside the car allows the use of wireless Android Auto tech, and Seat says the Minimó will be ready for level four autonomous technology when it arrives. That would allow it to pick up the user when requested, revealing its intention as a car-sharing mobility solution. "The car is dedicated to car sharing from beginning but I believe it will have appeal for private use," added Mesonero. Seat also said it will created an in-house software subsidiary, located in Barcelona, which will be open in the next 12 months. Seat boss Luca de Meo explained the decision to lead its own software development: “Cars have ten times more code than a smartphone and we estimate that will multiply by ten when hyper-connectivity kicks in.” The move is in contrast to many car makers, which are going into partnership with established software providers.

An international crime gang which used malware to steal $100m (£77m) from more than 40,000 victims has been dismantled. A complex police operation conducted investigations in the US, Bulgaria, Germany, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine. The gang infected computers with GozNym malware, which captured online banking details to access bank accounts. The gang was put together from criminals who advertised their skills on online forums. The details of the operation were revealed at the headquarters of the European police agency Europol in The Hague. It said that the investigation was unprecedented, especially in terms of cross-border co-operation. Cyber-crime service Ten members of the network have been charged in Pittsburgh, US on a range of offences, including stealing money and laundering those funds using US and foreign bank accounts. Five Russian nationals remain on the run, including one who developed the GozNym malware and oversaw its development and management, including leasing it to other cyber-criminals. Various other gang members now face prosecution in other countries, including: The leader of the network, along with his technical assistant, faces charges in Georgia Another member, whose role was to take over different bank accounts, has been extradited to the US from Bulgaria to face trial A gang member who encrypted GozNym malware to make sure it was not detected on networks faces prosecution in Moldova Two more face charges in Germany for money-laundering Among the victims were small businesses, law firms, international corporations and non-profit organisations. Europol said it was a great example of cross-border co-operation One of the things that the operation has highlighted is how common the selling of nefarious cyber-skills has become, says Prof Alan Woodward, a computer scientist from University of Surrey. "The developers of this malware advertised their 'product' so that other criminals could use their service to conduct banking fraud. "What is known as 'crime as a service' has been a growing feature in recent years, allowing organised crime gangs to switch from their traditional haunts of drugs to much more lucrative cyber-crime." What is GozNym? It is a hybrid of two other pieces of malware, Nymaim and Gozi. The first of these is what is known as a "dropper", software that is designed to sneak other malware on to a device and install it. Up until 2015, Nymaim was used primarily to get ransomware on to devices. Gozi has been around since 2007. Over the years it has resurfaced with new techniques, all aimed at stealing financial information. It was used in concerted attacks on US banks. Combining the two created what one expert called a "double-headed monster". Analysis: Anna Holligan, BBC Hague correspondent Scott Brady said the case represented a "milestone" in the fight against international cybercrime Unsuspecting citizens thought they were clicking a simple link - instead they gave hackers access to their most intimate details. US attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania, Scott Brady stood alongside prosecutors and cyber-crime fighters from five other nations inside Europol's high security headquarters, to announce the takedown of what he described as a "global conspiracy". The suspected ringleader used GozNym malware and contracted different cyber-crime services - hard to detect bulletproof hosting platforms, money mules and spammers - to control more than 41,000 computers and enable cyber-thieves to steal and whitewash an estimated $100m from victims' bank accounts. Gang members in four countries have been charged - a coup for cyber-crime fighters who say the discovery of this sophisticated scam demonstrates the borderless nature of cyber-crime and need for cross border co-operation to detect and disrupt these networks.

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