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The first PCIe 5.0 compliant NVMe SSD flash controllers are now a reality and have the ability to achieve gigabyte drives per second in double figures for the first time. But what are the advantages of adopting NVMe PCIe 5.0 technology at home and what are the difficulties? One of the maxims in performance is that a system is only as slow as the slowest part of it allows. That is why, in order to achieve performance, it is seeking not only to increase the speed of components such as processors and RAM, but also of storage units. Which is being achieved by adopting the different PCIe standards for NVMe drives. What is a flash controller? NVMe PCIe Flash Controller A flash controller is a piece of hardware that sits between NVMe memory or any other type of NAND Flash memory and the CPU or GPU that wants to access it. Its job is to translate virtual addresses into physical addresses that allow direct access to the NVMe memory blocks that make up the SSD storage unit. Today, when a CPU or GPU accesses any memory space, it does so using a common addressing in which all the memories they have access to within the hierarchy are unified. The different MMUs integrated in both the CPU and the GPU are responsible for communicating with the different types of memory in the system, RAM, VRAM, but also non-volatile RAM or NVRAM, which is the NVMe memory in SSDs. But virtual addressing is different from physical addressing and hence a translation process is needed, which is carried out by the flash controller. To do this, it makes use of a memory from which it stores the address conversion tables, the source data in the form of virtual addressing and the destination data in the form of physical addressing. Such memory can be found on the NVMe SSD, it can be the system RAM in the case of a DRAM-Less design, or it can be embedded as embedded memory within the flash controller itself. Flash Drivers for NVMe PCIe 5.0, a review Marvel Bravera SC5 NVMe PCIe 5.0 One of the first Flash controllers to support PCI Express 5.0 is the Marvell Bravera SC5. Which allows data to be transmitted with a bandwidth of 14 GB / s under a 4-line PCI Express 5.0 bus, which means doubling the bandwidth with respect to the same number of lines under PCI Express 4.0, but neither does it imply saturating the bus in both cases, since they can reach 16 GB / s and 7 GB / s respectively. It must be taken into account that a flash controller works in the same way as the interfaces that communicate the RAM or VRAM memory with the CPUs and GPUs. They are in charge of processing the read and write requests made by the processor. And since today we already have several cores in the CPU, it is very important that there is a large number of access channels in a flash controller. The Marvell Bravera SC5 has a total of 16 channels, so up to 16 single channel or 8 dual channel NAND Flash chips can be connected to it. Channels are the number of NVMe memory chips that the flash controller can talk to simultaneously. The low-end NVMe SSDs usually have 2 or 4 channels, the high-end 8 channels and we have special cases like the PlayStation 5 SSD with 12 channels. The fact that the Marvell Bravera SC5 has 16 channels not only allows it to have a large storage capacity, but shows that it is a controller designed for the server market and not for home PCs.

Ten men take the machete and go to the mountain. Between oyameles, pines and oaks, they walk through paths that they already know by heart. The next day, ten other men will do the same. His commission is that the trees that inhabit their lands remain standing, that no one tries to cut them down. Participating in the surveillance tours is one of the various tasks to be carried out by the 260 ejidatarios that are part of El Rosario, one of the 57 ejidos and 13 indigenous communities of Michoacán and the State of Mexico with territory within the Mariposa Biosphere Reserve. Monarch, a protected area known to the world because its forests winter, after a long journey of four thousand kilometers, the monarch butterfly. Surveillance tours are done every day; It is a way of "taking care of us", remarks the ejido Adrián Cruz, 59 years old and a resident of Rincón de San Luis, a town in the El Rosario ejido. But the conservation of these forests - which are much more than butterflies, they are the territory on which the life and future of ejidos and communities depend - face more and more challenges: the ejidatarios who own these lands have seen an increase in the extreme weather events, how native trees are replaced by avocado plants around the reserve and how the presence of organized crime groups is increasingly evident. Now you can also receive our stories, videos and infographics on WhatsApp. Follow us through the number +57 3208726154 or click on the image. Read more | "We advocate that post-COVID-19 investments do not cause additional damage to nature" | INTERVIEW Pay to keep In November 2000, the Mexican government expanded the Biosphere Reserve to 56 thousand hectares (in 1986 only 16 thousand had been protected), with the aim of guaranteeing the conservation of the forests where the main hibernation sites of the monarch are located. . The ejidos and communities that were in the core zone were prohibited from felling trees, even if they had permission and respected forest management plans. That ban sparked anger and resistance. “At that time, in some communities they commented that we cared more about the butterfly and not about the lives of them and their children; that we didn't care if they died of hunger, as long as the forest was there for the butterfly, ”explains biologist Guadalupe del Río, founder of Alternare, a non-governmental organization that works in the region before the extension of the reserve. Link: https://elcomercio.pe/tecnologia/ecologia/mexico-aqui-va-aumentando-la-deforestacion-si-esto-sigue-asi-la-mariposa-monarca-ya-no-va-a-llegar-va-a-buscar-otros-sitios-noticia/

President Pedro Castillo will begin a work agenda in the United States tomorrow, within the framework of his first visit to that country, which includes his participation in the session of the Permanent Council of the Organization of American States (OAS). It should be remembered that last month Gestión.pe reported that the president would hold a bilateral meeting with his US counterpart Joe Biden, however, this is not on the agenda. Castillo will attend the OAS headquarters in Washington D.C. accompanied by Foreign Minister Óscar Maúrtua and will be previously received by the Secretary General of this organization, Luis Almagro. Meetings are also planned in the US capital with the director of the Pan American Health Organization, Carissa F. Etienne, and with Peruvian and North American businessmen from the American Chamber of Commerce (AmCham). On Tuesday, September 21, President Castillo will receive a welcome greeting from the United Nations Secretary General, António Guterres, in New York, and will later participate in the general debate of the 76th General Assembly at the UN headquarters. Link: https://gestion.pe/peru/agenda-de-castillo-en-eeuu-no-incluye-reunion-con-gobierno-de-biden-noticia/

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You have a professional GPU and you don't know what to do with it? Well, if you don't know what to use then you can use your professional graphics cards to mine. That is why we have made a data collection so that you know if it is profitable to mine with your NVIDIA RTX professional based on Turing or Ampere architecture. First of all, this article is intended for people who already have a professional graphics card in their PCs, due to their high price we do not recommend using them for mining, since we believe that they can be used for much more useful and profitable applications. In any case, everyone is free in their choice and what they do with their hardware. Profitability of professional graphics cards for mining Minar Professional Graphics Cards Most of the comparisons that you are going to see online, since they do not take into account that the situation of each country is different and offer a profitability according to a specific area of the world. Taking into account the current situation in Spain in which electricity has a different cost depending on the time we are using it, it is necessary to extrapolate the information obtained to the different sections and the cost of each one. We know that not all the models of professional graphics cards on the market are on the list, but it has to be said that they are not very po[CENSORED]r in their use due to the high price of professional graphics cards, even more than many gaming models. they have seen their market price increase due to the mining bubble. On the other hand, the reason for separating it into sections in the table is because we are talking about a professional graphics card, whose cost has been absorbed by the daily work of its owner. NVIDIA Quadro Volta Minar Professional NVIDIA professional graphics cards are much more expensive than their gaming counterparts, which is why mining with them has a very low or almost zero recovery cost. That is why we propose this comparison for those who want to get extra capital apart from their daily work or have one of these graphics cards without doing anything and want to get something out of it, but we do not recommend its purchase. That is why if you are thinking of buying any of these graphics cards just to mine we do not recommend them, their high price makes it take time to recover profitability and the mining capacity of the GPUs decreases over time. To this must be added the changes that Ethereum will undergo in the way it works in the coming months, so they are not a good investment to make in the long term. Outside of cost, are they better than gaming? Quadro_RTX_A6000 Here we have to start from two different premises on a technical level. The first one is that because mining performance depends especially on the VRAM bandwidth and these graphics cards do not have a higher speed than their gaming counterparts, but they do have a greater amount of memory. Its performance when mining does not result in a difference compared to gaming cards. Moreover, they have the disadvantage of having in some cases a greater number of active chips to have more capacity, which slightly increases their energy consumption. The other part has to do with mining limitations, each graphics card has a different PCI ID regardless of whether there is a gaming or professional counterpart with the exact same configuration. The PCI ID is used by the CPU to communicate with the device through the software controller, which also tells the CPU what it can and cannot do. Well, we cannot forget that NVIDIA has limited Ethereum mining capabilities in the second edition of its NVIDIA RTX 30 that were launched on the market from May 2021. One thing that is certain is that they are better at mining than some models of the CMP HX range that NVIDIA has taken out for mining. Multiple professional graphics cards to mine GPU Data Center You may be lucky enough to have multiple professional graphics cards under your control in a data center. From which you have considered using any of the professional graphics card racks to make them serve for mining. Obviously the profitability is multiplied compared to the use of single graphics cards, but it is possible that the business model in which these graphics cards are used is much more profitable or has a higher utility criterion. Link: https://hardzone.es/reportajes/comparativas/rentabilidad-tarjetas-graficas-profesionales-minar/

Some warm-blooded animals are changing shape and getting larger beaks, legs, and ears to better regulate their body temperature as the planet warms. LOOK: The "alarming" rain recorded for the first time in one of the highest points in Greenland In research published in Trends in Ecology and Evolution, bird researcher Sara Ryding, from the University of Deakin (Australia), comments that “many times, when we talk about climate change in the media, people wonder ' Can humans overcome this? 'Or' What technology can solve this? ' It's about time we recognized that animals have to adapt to these changes too, but this is happening on a much shorter time scale than it would have been for most of evolutionary time. The climate change we have created is putting great pressure on them, and while some species will adapt, others will not, ”she adds. Ryding points out that climate change is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that has been taking place progressively, so it is difficult to pinpoint a single cause of the change in shape. But these changes have occurred over wide geographic regions and across a wide variety of species, so there is little in common other than climate change. LOOK: The protection of the ozone layer prevented further warming of the planet The most marked changes in shape have been observed above all in birds. Several species of Australian parrots have shown, on average, a 4% to 10% increase in beak size since 1871, and this is positively correlated with summer temperature each year. North American dark-eyed junks, a type of small songbird, had a relationship between increased beak size and short-term extreme temperatures in cold environments. Changes have also been recorded in mammalian species: researchers have reported increased tail length in forest mice and increased tail and leg size in masked shrews. Link: https://elcomercio.pe/tecnologia/ciencias/estan-evolucionando-para-sobrevivir-los-animales-cambian-de-forma-debido-al-cambio-climatico-noticia/

Faced with the publication of Supreme Decree No. 152-2021-PCM issued today, which establishes that as of Monday, September 20, only travelers who have the complete vaccination scheme and who also have a PCR test ( molecular), the main associations, unions and companies that are members of the tourism and foreign trade chain made an urgent call to the Government to request the immediate reconsideration of this provision. They warn that it can be discriminatory and that it constitutes an immense setback with respect to being able to combat the crisis facing the country. It should be remembered that before the new rule, the requirement was that the person comply with one of the two alternatives (vaccine or discard test), but it was not required to comply with both at the same time. "This double requirement will have a direct and negative impact on the necessary reactivation of the economy and the generation of employment that the government has tried to promote in recent months, being an even harder blow for people and micro, small, medium and large companies that depend on tourism and foreign trade, which have already lost more than S / 60,000 million since the start of the pandemic. Our sectors generated more than 1.8 million direct and indirect jobs and contributed approximately 6% of GDP, "they said in a statement. They added that they are available to the authorities to explain the problems of the sectors and their plans to work on a reactivation that helps to recover the economy and employment, hand in hand with biosafety standards. ADVERTISING "We ask the authorities to publish the corresponding rectification as soon as possible, preventing the country's connectivity from being harmed by imposing obstacles that, in addition to being unique in the region, affect the socioeconomic development of all Peruvians," they remarked. The unions that sign the statement are the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the Latin American and Caribbean Air Transport Association (ALTA), the International Air Transport Companies Association (AETAI), the Peruvian Air Companies Association (APEA) , Society of Foreign Trade of Peru (COMEXPERÚ), the Lima Chamber of Commerce, the Tourism Guild of the Lima Chamber of Commerce, Canatur, Association of Hotels, Restaurants and Related (NOW Peru) and the Peruvian Hotels Society. Link: https://gestion.pe/economia/gremios-piden-al-gobierno-reconsiderar-reciente-cambio-sobre-requisito-para-ingresar-al-peru-noticia/

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