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Abstract Context Feature location is the task of finding the source code that implements specific functionality in software systems. A common approach is to leverage textual information in source code against a query, using Information Retrieval (IR) techniques. To address the paucity of meaningful terms in source code, alternative, relevant source-code descriptions, like change-sets could be leveraged for these IR techniques. However, the extent to which these descriptions are useful has not been thoroughly studied. Objective This work rigorously characterizes the efficacy of source-code lexical annotation by change-sets (ACIR), in terms of its best-performing configuration. Method A tool, implementing ACIR, was used to study different configurations of the approach and to compare them to a baseline approach (thus allowing comparison against other techniques going forward). This large-scale evaluation employs eight subject systems and 600 features. Results It was found that, for ACIR: (1) method level granularity demands less search effort; (2) using more recent change-sets improves effectiveness; (3) aggregation of recent change-sets by change request, decreases effectiveness; (4) naive, text-classification-based filtering of “management” change-sets also decreases the effectiveness. In addition, a strongly pronounced dichotomy of subject systems emerged, where one set recorded better feature location using ACIR and the other recorded better feature location using the baseline approach. Finally, merging ACIR and the baseline approach significantly improved performance over both standalone approaches for all systems. Conclusion The most fundamental finding is the importance of rigorously characterizing proposed feature location techniques, to identify their optimal configurations. The results also suggest it is important to characterize the software systems under study when selecting the appropriate feature location technique. In the past, configuration of the techniques and characterization of subject systems have not been considered first-class entities in research papers, whereas the results presented here suggests these factors can have a big impact. Keywords Feature location; Version histories; Dataset expansion; Software systems’ characterization; Search effort

French President Emmanuel Macron is holding his first face-to-face talks with his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin near Paris, amid tensions over the conflicts in Syria and Ukraine. They met at the ornate Grand Trianon Palace at Versailles. Mr Macron said he expected some tough words. It could be an awkward meeting, the BBC's Lucy Williamson in Paris reports. Recently Mr Macron's election team accused Russian agents of launching cyber attacks against them. At the G7 summit in Sicily at the weekend Mr Macron said: "It is essential to talk to Russia because there are a number of international issues that will not be resolved without a tough dialogue with them." France is in the coalition backing Sunni Arab and Kurdish rebels opposed to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, who has strong military help from Russia and Iran. France has taken a firm line against Moscow over Russia's intervention in Ukraine. Western sanctions, imposed after Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014, have been ratcheted up since pro-Russian rebels carved out a breakaway region in eastern Ukraine. Mr Putin appeared to support Mr Macron's nationalist rival Marine Le Pen during the French presidential election campaign. He hosted Ms Le Pen in the Kremlin a month before the election's first round. Ms Le Pen's National Front (FN) has received significant loans from Russian banks or banks associated with Russian financiers. She argued that French banks would not give the FN any loans. Before becoming president this month Mr Macron accused Russia of pursuing "a hybrid strategy combining military intimidation and an information war". Versailles was chosen for the Macron-Putin meeting because an exhibition dedicated to Tsar Peter the Great is opening there. He visited Paris 300 years ago, along with other European countries which greatly influenced his reign. It is President Macron's latest diplomatic test after the G7 talks in Sicily and the Nato summit in Brussels where he turned the tables on US President Donald Trump byholding him in a clenched handshake until their knuckles went white. Afterwards, Mr Macron told French media the exchange was "not innocent" and he had wanted to "show he would not make small concessions, not even symbolic ones, but also not overdo things".

Pakistan’s Ambassador to the United States, Aizaz Chaudhry has invited US energy companies to invest in Pakistan since the security situation has improved and the economy is turning around. Addressing a luncheon in his honor by investors in energy sector at the energy industry center in Midland Texas, the envoy said Pakistan offers a lot of business opportunities in energy sector. "This is a good time for investors to invest in Pakistan," he said adding that Pakistan was facing shortage of energy but the " situation will be under control by next year The event was hosted by energy tycoon Syed Javaid Anwar which was also attended by representatives from energy company. Ambassador Aizaz Chaudhry while thanking Syed Javaid Anwar on hosting the event said that Javaid Anwar is the best example of American dream, who came to the US in 70s, earned his Petroleum Engineering degree and started his own company and in short time created a large business empire. He said that people like Anwar Javaid act a bridge in US-Pakistan relations. A plaque with a drill machine was also presented to Pakistan Ambassador. Earlier the oil tycoon briefed the audience on the functioning of modern drill machines. He said that new drilling technologies has helped reduce US oil import from 65 percent to 40 percent. He said that this technology can help Pakistan in energy independence. Midland Mayor Jerry Morales was also present in the event. Pakistan Counsel General in Houston and Karachi sister city President Saeed Sheikh also accompanied the Pakistani ambassador from Houston

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The statistics are harrowing: 30 per cent of all deaths in New Zealand, according to Massey University research, are caused by cardiovascular diseases, including heart, stroke and blood disease. And one in every 20 people in New Zealand is living with heart disease, according to Heart Foundation statistics. For those battling a cardiac illness, DHBs do offer basic cardiac rehabilitation but a new clinic in Auckland, the ExerScience Clinic, has been established to offer an in-depth programme where at risk people are heavily monitored as they exercise and progress back to health. Clinic manager Eleanor Nattrass notes that research shows cardiac rehabilitation can reduce premature death by up to 50 per cent and says "traditionally we're talking about a lot of heart disease, a lot of cardiac rehab patients not getting enough care for their conditions. "There are very few clinics in New Zealand where patients can get the help they need to recover from traumatic life events," she says, adding there is a gap in the system between people with chronic disease and injury becoming well and independent again. Nattrass says the intention of the new facility is to provide rehabilitation programmes where exercise is closely monitored before, during and after a patient's workout. "omeone will get checked in for their blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen levels ... making sure they're in a safe position to exercise. For someone who might be at high risk of heart disease or have had heart disease recently, that's quite a safe factor for them. "By providing an environment in which they can safely undergo a rehabilitation programme, where exercise is supervised and monitored according to global best practice standards, we have a real chance of reducing hospital readmission following a heart attack by up to 31 per cent." Beyond exercise for heart disease patients, exercise rehabilitation is also available for cancer survivors and those going through treatment, muscular skeletal conditions, pre- and post-surgeries, low back pain and other "common conditions that restrict people from living a good quality of life." The exercise programmes are bolstered by nutritional management and psychosocial behaviours. Nattrass says those who have been through the programmes so far have seen huge improvements in their strength and fitness. "Overall, those are things that really allow them to get back to their normal life, faster."

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WASHINGTON: The Trump administration’s budget proposal would convert some of the United States’ foreign military grants to loans, part of a larger effort to slash spending on diplomacy, aid and programmes abroad by more than 29 per cent, the White House said on Monday. Mick Mulvaney, the director of the White House Office of Management and Budget, in a briefing with reporters on Monday said that aid to Pakistan would be reduced, though he did not give concrete details. “[The] State [Department] still has some flexibility to come up with a final plan on that, but I do know that writ large we have proposed to move several countries from a direct grant programme to a loan guarantee programme,” he said. US military assistance to partners and allies reached $13.5 billion in 2015, or 28 per cent of all US foreign aid spending that year, according to the Congressional Research Service. Most grants through the Foreign Military Financing [FMF] programme go to Pakistan, Israel, Egypt, Jordan and Iraq. The cuts to programmes under the State Department are in part meant to fund an increase in military spending. The White House budget documents showed total defence spending for the 2018 fiscal year at $603 billion, about 3 per cent higher than President Barack Obama’s proposed 2018 fiscal year defence budget. The $603 billion includes funding for nuclear weapons programmes at the Department of Energy and other national defence programmes as well as the Department of Defence. The Pentagon’s specific defence request is for $574.5 billion, an increase of 4.6 per cent compared to fiscal year 2017. Under President Donald Trump’s proposal, the United States would spend 29.1 per cent less on the State Department and “other international programmes” in the 2018 fiscal year compared to 2017, a decrease of US$11.5 billion. That decrease includes a re-shaping of the way some countries receive military aid from the United States. Foreign military financing gives countries loans or grants to buy US military equipment. The State Department decides which countries are given the financing while the Pentagon executes the decisions. Under the Trump proposal, many current grants would instead be converted to loans. “We do change a couple of the foreign military programmes from direct grants to loans,” said Mulvaney. “Our argument was instead of … giving somebody US$100 million, we could give them a smaller number worth of loan guarantees and they could actually buy more stuff.” Military aid to Israel and Egypt, two close US allies in the Middle East and the biggest recipients of US military assistance, will remain unchanged, Mulvaney said. The Wall Street Journal, which first reported the proposal, said the foreign military grants could affect Pakistan, Tunisia, Lebanon, Ukraine, Colombia, the Philippines and Vietnam. Congress ultimately controls the government purse strings and may reject some or many of the Trump administration’s proposals. Republicans and Democrats in Congress have criticised the size of the cuts to the State Department and US Agency for International Development.