𝐌𝐑-𝐀𝐇𝐌𝐄𝐃 体

Gazing out across my lively medieval burgh in Manor Lords, I see great promise. The detailed buildings, villagers, and landscapes are always pleasant to look upon. The complex, rewarding, if not necessarily precision-balanced economy is entertaining and intuitive to interact with. And the war cries of my homegrown militia, off to bash some bandits, remind me that each bloody clash is costing someone a son or a husband. But for all its potential, Manor Lords is an extremely Early Access-feeling Early Access game at this point. Sometimes, it even seems more like a proof of concept than a finished product. There is fun to be had in this initial release of Manor Lords. The freedom to lay out bustling streets and market squares, putting villagers to work on sprawling farms and in smoky backyard workshops, is a joyful and generally well-paced experience. The road tool is a little fiddly for my liking, but laying out custom lots and snapping everything together dynamically at the corners makes it easy to craft settlements that look and feel cohesive and realistic. One of my favorite little touches is the addition of backyard workshops, which let you move commerce into the places where people actually live. That's much more accurate to the era Manor Lords is trying to capture than having massive commercial buildings everyone works at. I get this cozy, familiar feeling when I zoom in and can see that this is where the town blacksmith lives. And just across the way, Herman and Agnes brew beer for the lively tavern down the road. Almost everything about the sound design and visual presentation is exceptional. Rainstorms patter and boom, leaving roads slick and strewn with puddles. Winter blankets everything in a sparkling frost. The animations for something as simple as getting water from a well are grounded and meticulously detailed in a way that always rewards me for zooming in. You can run around on foot, but… not without some weirdness. There's even a neat feature that lets you run around as a character in your own town, but… not without some weirdness. For one thing, you'll always be the same exact guy, no matter which portrait you chose for your ruler during set-up. And for another, the collision detection on buildings is clearly unfinished. An open gate might feature an impenetrable, invisible wall, whereas you can wander right through the outside of a church without a care like a sacreligious ghost. This, and several other features, to be clear, are marked as work-in-progress in the UI. And that's totally fine. Manor Lords is consistently up-front about what's finished and what isn't. I also ran into some other fun and funny visual glitches, like a horrifyingly deformed sheep that looked like it got lost on the way to a John Carpenter movie. Again, stuff like this doesn't ruin the experience, but it does remind me that we're very early in Early Access. The main difficulty in Manor Lords comes from keeping all of your villagers supplied with food and fuel so they don't die, then providing them with amenities like clothes and beer to level up their dwellings and start producing wealth. It's a pretty decent little economic loop that offers enough friction to prevent outright snowballing, especially when you get a large po[CENSORED]tion that is dependent on crop fertility, mills, and bakeries to not starve. You can even specialize a settlement in making money and trade for most of your material needs, which is pretty neat. It can be a bit rough getting things going initially, though. As I discussed in my Six Things to Know Before You Play Guide, there are very limited ways to distribute your starting five families' labor that won't get you into big trouble. The tutorials are decent, but the UI sometimes made it difficult to find the information I wanted. For instance, you can hold Tab to see what everyone in a given building is doing. But I couldn't for the life of me find a way to view a list of all available families and what they were assigned to. This is a complex management game. I need more spreadsheets! https://www.ign.com/articles/manor-lords-review-early-access

PHP is a programming language used to script websites that are dynamic and interactive. You’ll find it in various types of web applications, from e-commerce websites to CRM systems like HubSpot and Salesforce. The term PHP stands for PHP Hypertext Preprocessor. Originally, the “PHP” within the acronym stood for Personal Home Page. But, as the language evolved and caught on, it ended up being used for more than just personal home pages. So, that acronym, in turn, became just the “P” within PHP. Below, we’ll take a closer look at PHP, how it works, its relationship with HTML, examples of PHP in action, and more. PHP basic functions Within PHP code operating a website, variables and ordered and associative arrays can be managed. PHP code also handles and validates HTML forms and executes code loops. Our PHP courses cover these functions as well as examples of the types of products this code facilitates. PHP’s relationship to HTML A big part of PHP’s value is its use as a dynamic scripting language that works hand-in-hand with HTML. A PHP interpreter makes a website dynamic and customizable, allowing a site to respond to user input or information in some expected way. The interpreter is a key link between the user and web server, databases, and the relevant files or responses sent back to that user. Ease of use Despite its power and utility, PHP is one of the easiest programming languages to learn. It’s simple, has forgiving syntax, and has ample documentation and resources available to those learning the language. PHP’s ease of use has made it a staple for Back-End Engineers and Full-Stack Engineers. It also contains built-in security features like data encryption and access restrictions, removing the need for separate work to ensure the security of websites. Plus, PHP code often powers online forms. Now that you’ve got an idea of what PHP is used for, let’s explore some examples of PHP in action. PHP in action: ScienceSoft ScienceSoft, a Dallas-based IT consulting and software development provider, offers examples of how they’ve used PHP scripting for clients’ projects: Audio equipment shopping This smart, in-store headphone-check digital signage stand uses PHP to allow users to compare and contrast multiple models. This includes a playlist of test tracks, the ability to tell the stand’s app what model a customer wants, and the production of graphs comparing models for a customer. Movie theater chain ticket booking This European movie theater chain modernized its mobile ticketing app to include seat plans, notifications, and in-depth information about their movies. Using PHP, the app can provide customers with a choice of showtimes, theaters, and seat types. Content for augmented reality advertising displays This manufacturer of digital interactive advertising and entertainment displays for stores and shopping malls needed an administrative panel to create and manage the content for these screens. So, they turned to ScienceSoft to create an administrative control that would allow either the display maker or the local store or mall user to control the content. PHP also made it possible to control the displays remotely using a web application. Management of a central database of college information This provider of a database with information on US colleges, admissions, and scholarship details worked solely with imports of information from Excel spreadsheets. They needed a cloud-based information management solution to store their large volumes of data, integrate with other software, and automate data reporting to their clients. PHP, among other languages and tools, helped build this solution. PHP in action: Symfony Symfony, a French PHP framework provider, worked on PHP-based projects for both business and political entities. In 2020, Symfony participated in hackathons that produced security improvements for open-source software used by the European Commission. In 2016, a volunteer programmer used Symfony PHP caches to power the campaign website for Emmanuel Macron, who went on to win the presidency of France. Also that year, Liip, a Swiss digital agency, built an API using Symfony PHP for Swiss retailer Migros to organize and manage data about its products so that it could be searched and accessed in real-time to manage the retailer’s business. PHP in action: CakePHP CakePHP is an open-source project by the Las Vegas-based Cake Software Foundation. CakePHP has worked for a variety of companies in different fields. These include: Internet Marketing Ninjas, who used PHP to build its marketing and management tools and a central hub for users. World-Architects, who used PHP to build its profiles of architects and their projects, including online visual presentations. Child Care Daily App, who used PHP to build an app to serve parents of children in San Diego-based daycare centers. Printivo.com, a Nigerian customized printing company, who used PHP for their customer-facing website and internal order management systems. These examples of PHP in action show how many areas of commerce, society, and everyday life this programming language touches. It often plays a key part in designing websites and operating them on a daily basis. Getting Started with PHP As you can see, PHP is a powerful language with a wide range of applications. Still, the best way to learn about its utility is to use it yourself. If you’re ready to start using PHP, check out our Learn PHP course. We’ll teach you the basics of the language’s syntax along with many other subjects like variables, functions, loops, and more. If you find yourself stuck while compl eting the course, we also offer resources like this article on common mistakes made with PHP conditionals. https://www.codecademy.com/resources/blog/what-is-php-used-for/

Nickname: Osiris Video author: RockyGamingyt Name of the game: Cs 1.6 Link video: Rate this video 1-10:

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Thanks to streaming services such as Netflix, Amazon Prime, and even YouTube, it's finally getting easier to find actual 4K (also referred to as Ultra HD) video content. But, as awesome as 4K video looks, if you're aiming to immerse yourself in a pixel-dense world, it's hard to beat playing cutting-edge games in 4K. And from a hardware perspective, that's a much more daunting prospect. Only the latest consoles—the Sony PlayStation 4 Pro, the Microsoft Xbox One X, the PlayStation 5, and the Xbox One Series X—are capable of rendering games at 4K. Though these consoles can run games at 4K, they don't always do so with the best graphics settings. If you really want to enjoy the best graphics possible by modern-day games, you'll need to buy or put together a powerful gaming PC, and for that the PC graphics card you buy matters—a lot. What follows are the very best graphics cards for 4K gaming that we've tested for 2023. Following that, we've included a helpful guide demystifying several terms and ideas surrounding the graphics processing space to help you make an informed purchase. Pros Cons + Ferociously powerful for a single-GPU card - Pricey + Power consumption is relatively low for this level of raw GPU performance - Almost impractically enormous + Usual exceptional Founders Edition build quality - Raw power appears, at times, to bottleneck a Core i9-12900K CPU Nvidia has been a driving force in the PC graphics industry almost from the company’s founding. Its first graphics accelerator wasn’t a major success, but that card was very much an outlier—far more often, its new graphics cards(Opens in a new window) offer big performance gains or push forward the industry as a whole. So, when we hear Nvidia say something like “Ada (Lovelace) provides the largest generational performance upgrade in the history of Nvidia,” we sit up and pay attention. Determining the absolute accuracy of that statement is tricky without carefully combing through old product offerings through the decades. But having now tested and reviewed our first new card based on the Ada Lovelace architecture, we can say it might well be true. The performance gains inherent in Lovelace are clear to see in Nvidia’s new GeForce RTX 4090 Founders Edition: They are enormous, and if this isn’t the company’s single greatest generational performance jump, it's close. The card's $1,599 price may seem extreme, but so is this mega-card. For now, nothing else even comes close to it, so long as you are playing relatively modern games at 4K resolution. https://www.pcmag.com/picks/the-best-graphics-cards-for-4k-gaming

Nintendo surprised everyone this week by releasing an augmented reality Pikmin game for mobile devices. As NintendoLife reports, the game is called Pikmin Finder and was developed with a little help from Niantic, who is probably best known for developing and publishing Pokemon Go. Pikmin Finder takes advantage of your smartphone or tablet camera to sprout Pikmin all around you in the real world. The player is tasked with swiping the screen when they spot a Pikmin to pull them out of the ground. Oatchi the rescue pup also puts in an appearance. Once you've found enough Pikmin of a certain type, they'll wander off and bring back an object (treasure) for you. It's also possible to take photos of the Pikmin and the objects they gather for you, but there's no real objective to the experience beyond acting as an entertaining distraction. GameXplain recorded a quick video if you want to see the app in action. Back in 2021, Niantic collaborated with Nintendo to release Pikmin Bloom, which was essentially an app to encourage walking more often. For Finder, Nintendo decided to take advantage of Ninatic's 8th Wall platform (a complete set of tools to create web-based augmented reality experiences for mobile devices) rather than involving Niantic in the development process. As with Bloom, there's very little in the way of actual gameplay, but both should continue to be fun in small doses. 2023 is turning out to be a fantastic year for fans of Pikmin games. Nintendo decided to port the first two games originally released for the GameCube to the Switch. We also got a brand new entry in the form of Pikmin 4. Nintendo's current focus, however, is on Super Mario Bros. Wonder. https://me.pcmag.com/en/mobile-games/19132/nintendo-quietly-releases-pikmin-finder-augmented-reality-game

The true test of a vampire game isn't so much in the ways it lets you do the cool things vampires do – it's in how it portrays the classic vampire weaknesses, forcing you to live a vampire lifestyle. V Rising does a pretty good job of this, with banes from sunlight to garlic represented, while also featuring a striking and memorable art style alongside exciting and tough ARPG combat. Many of the gripes I had in my Early Access review have been addressed without changing the heart-pounding identity of the experience, especially when playing in a customized single-player world. As a newly-resurrected vampire in a world where humans have mostly chased your kind into the shadows, this mashup of Diablo and the survival crafting genre doesn't spend a lot of time on up-front storytelling. The descriptions for its varied bosses give some sense of how the world is put together, but there's not really a main plot to follow until much later. You build a blood altar, you get a list of special enemies you need to kill to unlock new abilities and better technologies, and you're off on the hunt. This doesn't bother me too much, and I did enjoy piecing together how little bits of lore were connected, discovering new areas and factions along the way. In Early Access, I had a hard time with the amount of resource gathering and waiting around for ore to smelt that you had to do. But with 1.0's extensive game setup customization, I found that I could dial things like resource yields and crafting speed in to the point where there was really no drudgery involved at all. Some high tech recipes still take longer than I'd like to finish, but there is generally always something rewarding I can be doing while I wait, so it's not that big of a deal. Designing and detailing your massive vampire castles can be highly entertaining. On a private server, they can be built up to six stories high, with a huge variety of functional and cosmetic items to unlock – from eerie, floating candelabras to a hungry treasure chest that recycles unwanted items into their component materials. You do have to continue feeding your castle blood essence to keep it active, which comes from just about any enemy you kill. This isn't much of an issue in an offline game since essence will only be consumed when you're playing, and you can save up hundreds of real-world days' worth, so you're unlikely to ever run out. But on a public server, depending on its settings, your castle could eventually crumble or even be captured by enemy players, causing you to lose that spot on the map if you don't log in at least once or twice a week to top it off. That can start to feel like a chore after a while. You're never splitting hairs between 12 versions of the same axe. “ I'm also a little bit disappointed that my castle couldn't have a basement. Especially when I started imprisoning foolish mortals to use as blood cattle – what? Don't look at me like that. I longed for the ability to stick them underground in an elaborate dungeon, but had to settle for an above-ground jail. The other welcome addition since Early Access that cuts back on the downtime of building and crafting is Rift Incursions, which are timed events that pit you against a unique roster of enemies to earn Stygian Shards, which play into a new mid-to-late-game progression system. Among other things, they let you craft more powerful versions of all the base weapons using ruined weapon templates, which can be bought or found in random drops, with modifiers that can vary in strength. This adds a little bit more of a feeling of personalized loot and progression without being overly random. You're never going to be splitting hairs between 12 different versions of the same axe, which would have been a bit too much Diablo for me. But there is a reason to keep hitting up rifts if you want the absolute best gear for your build, which is nice. The fast-paced but deliberate ARPG combat is the star of V Rising, and it's honestly some of the best in the genre today. The broad array of flashy, fun, and deadly active abilities to unlock allow for some awesome builds. I particularly liked the Blood tree, which focuses on healing yourself throughout battle. I would have appreciated a stamina bar or more ways to get additional combat dashes, because basically everything is cooldown-based, and it can feel really bad in those moments when you don't have any buttons to push. I prefer more fine-grained resource management and builder-spender combat, myself. But it also encourages you to think carefully about when to deploy your defensive and movement abilities, which keeps bigger fights from feeling too button-mashy. The more than 50 challenging bosses are really the highlight of V Rising. From zealous human hunters to creepy necromancers, no two feel alike in fighting style or personality, and almost all are very well-designed encounters. The later ones can be cleverly and mercilessly difficult, which is generally a good thing. My main criticism is that some of them feel like they have too many defensive and area denial abilities, to the point that you don't get enough opportunities to attack them in melee. I can switch to my pistols, sure, but I prefer to slice my food to pieces. Luckily, each one has a fairly unique set of tricks, so it never feels like V Rising is leaning on one thing too much to dial up the challenge. The survival mechanics really sell the vampire fantasy. “ I really like the art direction overall. It's a bit stylized and cartoony, but not in a way that detracts from the horror aspects. Whether I'm exploring a misty, haunted forest, slashing my way through a skeleton-infested graveyard, or sneaking into a pastoral human village – bundled head-to-toe in rags, which isn't suspicious at all – everything is very readable and eye-catching. It's never a pain to figure out what's going on in combat, and the environment artists have made great use of color to create a range of moods and vibes. This is only helped by the soundtrack, which does generally fit what I'd call stereotypical vampire music – all mournful strings and melodramatic piano melodies – but it's executed well. The survival mechanics really sell the vampire fantasy, too. There is a full day/night cycle, and standing in the sun will start to drain your health quickly after a short grace period. Moving about by day is still fully possible if you're careful, thanks to the fact that anything that casts a shadow in the environment can serve as a safe haven, including passing clouds. That’s a really cool touch. Shadows even shift throughout the day, so noon is a more dangerous time to be outside than dawn or dusk. https://www.ign.com/articles/v-rising-review

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRXbYRZrzY4&pp=ygUI2K7Zitio2Yc%3D

Artist: Mohammed ramadan Real Name: mohammed Birth Date /Place: qena - 1988 Age: 35 Social status (Single / Married): married Artist Picture: Musical Genres: rap Awards: elgouna- best singer Top 3 Songs (Names): baby- number one Other Information:

Music title: kheba Signer: ghareeb el mokhles Release date: 2022 Official YouTube link: Informations about the signer: Your opinion about the track (music video):

The political rawness of the moment, as Israel pounds Gaza and outrage rocks American college campuses, means President Joe Biden’s big speech Tuesday condemning antisemitism is most notable for what he left unsaid. The president denounced hate against Jews, which has occurred at some college protests, called out extremists who obscure the truth of the Holocaust and movingly told Jewish Americans they belong in the country amid what he called a “ferocious” surge in antisemitism that has left many questioning their safety. “I see your fear, your hurt and your pain. Let me reassure you, as your president, you’re not alone. You belong. You always have and you always will,” Biden said. U.S. President Joe Biden addresses rising levels of antisemitism, during a speech at the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum's Annual Days of Remembrance ceremony, at the U.S. Capitol building in Washington, U.S., May 7, 2024. REUTERS/Evelyn Hockstein RELATED ARTICLE Biden’s speech at the Holocaust remembrance ceremony, annotated The speech was closely watched given the turmoil in the Middle East and its stunning political reaction in the US. Biden might have caused offense had he been overtly political at a Capitol Hill event marking one of history’s most vicious crimes – the Nazi genocide against Jews. But everyone understood the context. It will therefore not be forgotten that while addressing current developments, Biden refused to dance between his deeply felt support for Israel and criticism from his own party for not tempering Israel’s assault in Gaza. The president did not send any cautionary message to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who appears to be moving toward an offensive against Hamas in Rafah that Biden’s administration fears could cause human carnage. The most pro-Israel president of modern times in fact stressed the inviolability of his support whatever happens. “My commitment to the safety of the Jewish people, the security of Israel, and its right to exist as an independent Jewish state is ironclad. Even when we disagree,” he said at a Holocaust Memorial Museum event on Capitol Hill. Biden also made few efforts to try to appease fury among progressive Democrats and Arab Americans, including in the critical swing state of Michigan, over his support for Israel in its response to the Hamas terrorist attacks, which killed 1,200 people in October. Israel’s war in Gaza has killed more than 34,000 Palestinians, according to the Gaza Health Ministry. The reaction of Biden’s most liberal Democratic critics to his speech could be important amid growing fears of some in the party that the war could critically fracture his coalition ahead of November’s election. After encountering protesters chanting “Genocide Joe” at campaign events, Biden also made no clear reference to the extreme suffering of Gazans during the current crisis, although he did add that his administration was tirelessly working to end the conflict through a diplomatic initiative in the Middle East. He took an uncompromising line on campus protests. While praising the right to free speech as a fundamental American value, he condemned reported instances when some Jewish students have faced antisemitic taunting. “Destroying property is not peaceful protest. It’s against the law. We’re not a lawless country. We’re civil society. We uphold the rule of law, and no one should have to hide or be brave just to be themselves,” Biden said. An attempt to reset the narrative Biden’s speech harked back to an age when presidents sought to address the nation, to reset a controversial debate and to control a narrative at a politically sensitive moment. Whether this is even possible in the tumult of the social media age is questionable. But Biden’s remarks were an unequivocal statement of a position of principle six months ahead of his election rematch with his predecessor Donald Trump. The comparison between the candidates is rarely as starkly on show as on Tuesday morning. While Biden was addressing the nation in the ceremonial trappings of the presidency, Trump was in court in Manhattan listening to a key witness, former adult film star Stormy Daniels, testify about her alleged sexual encounter with Trump during his hush money trial arising from the 2016 election. Trump denies the affair and has pleaded not guilty in the case. At any other time, Biden’s choice of words and subject matter would not have been controversial. Presidents habitually warn about the dangers of forgetting or misrepresenting one of history’s most heinous crimes — the slaughter of around 6 million Jews by Nazi Germany. But Israel’s response to the October 7 Hamas terror attacks has sparked a worldwide protest movement fueled by high-profile demonstrations at many American college campuses. Some of the domestic fury toward Biden is rooted in a view of pro-Palestinian advocates and family members of Gazans in the United States that Israel’s bombings of civilian areas where Hamas is embedded represent a crime against humanity tantamount to genocide. But Biden made clear that there was no justification for the October 7 terror attacks, implicitly dismissing efforts from some pro-Palestinian supporters to point out that they followed years of Israeli repression against the people of Gaza. In doing so, he aligned himself with the view of many Israelis that the attacks — the deadliest day for Jews since the Holocaust — sprung from the same desire to wipe Jews off the planet and threaten Israel’s right to exist. He condemned “too many people denying, downplaying, rationalizing and ignoring the horrors of the Holocaust and October 7 — including Hamas’ appalling use of sexual violence to torture and terrorize Jews. It’s absolutely despicable — and it must stop,” raising his voice at the end of the sentence. “Now, here we are — not 75 years later, but just seven and a half months later — and people are already forgetting. They’re already forgetting that Hamas unleashed this terror. … I have not forgotten, nor have you, and we will not forget.” Johnson compares anger on some American campuses to Nazism Everything a president does is inherently political, and landmark speeches always address multiple audiences. There’s no doubt that Biden’s speech was carefully watched in Israel and may be interpreted as a sign there may be no price for Netanyahu to pay if he ignores US warnings about a Rafah offensive to rout out Hamas leadership — even if Biden’s credibility is called into question. While Biden’s approach Tuesday may irk progressives, it might offer some cover on his right flank. Republicans, led by Trump, are portraying campus protests as left-wing extremism that Biden can’t control and are calling for a new strongman president to restore order. The president can ill afford such a view to take hold among centrist swing state voters. Republican Speaker Mike Johnson, who has led House Republicans in painting campus protests as a symbol of an extremist liberal rot in elite schools, on Tuesday used the Holocaust memorial event to conjure his most graphic analogy yet. “German universities … were at the heart of the renaissance and intellectual life. But it was at those same elite centers of learning where Jewish faculty and students were expelled, where anti-Jewish courses were introduced, and where professors performed horrific pseudo-science experiments on Jews brought from nearby concentration camps,” the Louisiana Republican said. “We remember what happened then, and today, we are witnessing American universities quickly become hostile places for Jewish students and faculty.” As heinous as the abuse faced by Jewish students at US universities is, there is currently no true parallel between the Nazis’ organized project to destroy Judaism to create a White master race. In fact, in recent years, anti-Jewish extremism has bubbled up more from the far-right in protests like the one in Charlottesville, Virginia, in 2017 that Trump was equivocal in condemning — which Biden has said convinced him to run for the White House. Trump reached for Nazi imagery over the weekend to falsely accuse Biden of being behind his multiple legal threats when he blasted the president and Democrats for running a “Gestapo” administration. It was only the latest instance when political figures of the right and the left coopted false historical parallels for political gain. Some progressives have, for instance, compared Trump’s autocratic tendencies to 1930s tyrants in a way that cheapens some of history’s horrors and obscures real understanding of the exact nature of the threat to democracy that the GOP presumptive nominee may pose. Understanding history and preventing it from being mani[CENSORED]ted for political gain was a major focus of Biden’s speech, which was delivered on the 79th anniversary of VE Day, when the allies defeated Nazism in World War II. “Never forgetting means we must keep telling the story. We must keep teaching the truth. We must keep teaching our children and our grandchildren. The truth is, we’re at risk of people not knowing the truth,” Biden said. It was an especially poignant message coming from an 81-year-old president who was born during the war against Nazism and who, unlike today’s young people, grew up when the dark shadow of the 1940s was a vivid memory shared by people who lived through it rather than a second-hand experience in history classes and movies. https://edition.cnn.com/2024/05/07/politics/biden-speech-israel-analysis/index.html

The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it is derived from extinct gray wolves, and the gray wolf is the dog's closest living relative. The dog was the first species to be domesticated by humans. Experts estimate that hunter-gatherers domesticated dogs more than 15,000 years ago, which was before the development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids.[4] The dog has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.[5] Dog breeds vary widely in shape, size, and color. They perform many roles for humans, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and the military, companionship, therapy, and aiding disabled people. Over the millennia, dogs became uniquely adapted to human behavior, and the human–canine bond has been a topic of frequent study. This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet of "man's best friend". Taxonomy Further information: Canis lupus dingo § Taxonomic debate – the domestic dog, dingo, and New Guinea singing dog In 1758, the Swedish botanist and zoologist Carl Linnaeus published in his Systema Naturae, the two-word naming of species (binomial nomenclature). Canis is the Latin word meaning "dog",[6] and under this genus, he listed the domestic dog, the wolf, and the golden jackal. He classified the domestic dog as Canis familiaris and, on the next page, classified the grey wolf as Canis lupus.[2] Linnaeus considered the dog to be a separate species from the wolf because of its upturning tail (cauda re[CENSORED]ta in Latin term), which is not found in any other canid.[7] In 1999, a study of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) indicated that the domestic dog may have originated from the grey wolf, with the dingo and New Guinea singing dog breeds having developed at a time when human communities were more isolated from each other.[8] In the third edition of Mammal Species of the World published in 2005, the mammalogist W. Christopher Wozencraft listed under the wolf Canis lupus its wild subspecies and proposed two additional subspecies, which formed the domestic dog clade: familiaris, as named by Linnaeus in 1758 and, dingo named by Meyer in 1793. Wozencraft included hallstromi (the New Guinea singing dog) as another name (junior synonym) for the dingo. Wozencraft referred to the mtDNA study as one of the guides informing his decision.[3] Mammalogists have noted the inclusion of familiaris and dingo together under the "domestic dog" clade[9] with some debating it.[10] In 2019, a workshop hosted by the IUCN/Species Survival Commission's Canid Specialist Group considered the dingo and the New Guinea singing dog to be feral Canis familiaris and therefore did not assess them for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[11] Evolution Main article: Evolution of the wolf Location of a dog's carnassials; the inside of the 4th upper premolar aligns with the outside of the 1st lower molar, working like scissor blades. Domestication Main article: Domestication of the dog The earliest remains generally accepted to be those of a domesticated dog were discovered in Bonn-Oberkassel, Germany. Contextual, isotopic, genetic, and morphological evidence shows that this dog was not a local wolf.[12] The dog was dated to 14,223 years ago and was found buried along with a man and a woman, all three having been sprayed with red hematite powder and buried under large, thick basalt blocks. The dog had died of canine distemper.[13] Earlier remains dating back to 30,000 years ago have been described as Paleolithic dogs, but their status as dogs or wolves remains debated[14] because considerable morphological diversity existed among wolves during the Late Pleistocene.[1] This timing indicates that the dog was the first species to be domesticated[15][16] in the time of hunter-gatherers,[17] which predates agriculture.[1] DNA sequences show that all ancient and modern dogs share a common ancestry and descended from an ancient, extinct wolf po[CENSORED]tion which was distinct from the modern wolf lineage.[18][17] The dog is a classic example of a domestic animal that likely travelled a commensal pathway into domestication.[14][19] The questions of when and where dogs were first domesticated have taxed geneticists and archaeologists for decades.[15] Genetic studies suggest a domestication process commencing over 25,000 years ago, in one or several wolf po[CENSORED]tions in either Europe, the high Arctic, or eastern Asia.[20] In 2021, a literature review of the current evidence infers that the dog was domesticated in Siberia 23,000 years ago by ancient North Siberians, then later dispersed eastward into the Americas and westward across Eurasia,[12] with dogs likely accompanying the first humans to inhabit the Americas.[12] Breeds Main article: Dog breed Further information: Dog type Dogs are the most variable mammal on earth, with around 450 globally recognized dog breeds.[20][21] In the Victorian era, directed human selection developed the modern dog breeds, which resulted in a vast range of phenotypes.[16] Most breeds were derived from small numbers of founders within the last 200 years.[16][20] Since then, dogs have undergone rapid phenotypic change and have been subjected to artificial selection by humans. The skull, body, and limb proportions between breeds display more phenotypic diversity than can be found within the entire order of carnivores. These breeds possess distinct traits related to morphology, which include body size, skull shape, tail phenotype, fur type and colour.[16] Their behavioural traits include guarding, herding, hunting,[16] retrieving, and scent detection. Their personality traits include hypersocial behavior, boldness, and aggression.[16] Present-day dogs are dispersed around the world.[20] An example of this dispersal is the numerous modern breeds of European lineage during the Victorian era.[17] Morphological variation in six dogs Morphological variation in six dogs Phenotypic variation in four dogs Phenotypic variation in four dogs Anatomy Main article: Dog anatomy Skeleton A lateral view of a dog skeleton All healthy dogs, regardless of their size and type, have an identical skeletal structure with the exception of the number of bones in the tail, although there is significant skeletal variation between dogs of different types.[22][23] The dog's skeleton is well adapted for running; the vertebrae on the neck and back have extensions for back muscles, consisting of epaxial muscles and hypaxial muscles, to connect to; the long ribs provide room for the heart and lungs; and the shoulders are unattached to the skeleton, allowing for flexibility.[22][23][24] Compared to the dog's wolf-like ancestors, selective breeding since domestication has seen the dog's skeleton larger in size for larger types such as mastiffs and miniaturised for smaller types such as terriers; dwarfism has been selectively used for some types where short legs are advantageous, such as dachshunds and corgis.[23] Most dogs naturally have 26 vertebrae in their tails, but some with naturally short tails have as few as three.[22] The dog's skull has identical components regardless of breed type, but there is significant divergence in terms of skull shape between types.[23][25] The three basic skull shapes are the elongated dolichocephalic type as seen in sighthounds, the intermediate mesocephalic or mesaticephalic type, and the very short and broad brachycephalic type exemplified by mastiff type skulls.[23][25] Senses Further information: Dog anatomy § Senses Dogs' senses include vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and magnetoreception. One study suggests that dogs can feel small variations in Earth's magnetic field.[26] Dogs prefer to defecate with their spines aligned in a north-south position in calm magnetic field conditions.[27] Dogs' vision is dichromatic; the dog's visual world consists of yellows, blues, and grays. They have difficulty differentiating between red and green. The divergence of the eye axis of dogs ranges from 12–25°, depending on the breed. Dogs' eyes of different breeds can have different retina configurations. The fovea centralis area of dogs' eyes, which is attached to a nerve fiber, is the most sensitive to photons.[28] Coat Main article: Dog coat The coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: "double" being familiar with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or "single", with the topcoat only. Breeds may have an occasional "blaze", stripe, or "star" of white fur on their chest or underside.[29] Premature graying can occur in dogs as early as one year of age; this is associated with impulsive behaviors, anxiety behaviors, and fear of unfamiliar noise, people, or animals.[30] Dewclaw A dog's dewclaw is the five digits in the dog's forelimb and hind legs. Dogs' forelimbs' dewclaws are attached by bone and ligament, while the dogs' hind legs' are attached by skin to the limb. Most dogs aren't born with dewclaws in their hind legs, and some are without them in their forelimbs. Dogs' dewclaws consist of the proximal phalanxes and distal phalanxes. Some publications thought that dewclaws in wolves, who usually do not have dewclaws, were a sign of hybridization with dogs.[31][32] Tail A dog's tail is the terminal appendage of the vertebral column, which is made up of a string of 5 to 23 vertebrae enclosed in muscles and skin that support the dog's back extensor muscles. One of the primary functions of a dog's tail is to communicate their emotional state.[33] The tail also helps the dog maintain balance by putting its weight on the opposite side of the dog's tilt, and it can also help the dog spread its anal gland's scent through the tail's position and movement.[34] Dogs can have a violet gland (or supracaudal gland) characterized by sebaceous glands on the dorsal surface of their tails; in some breeds, it may be vestigial or absent. The enlargement of the violet gland in the tail, which can create a bald spot from hair loss, can be caused by Cushing's disease or an excess of sebum from androgens in the sebaceous glands.[35] A study suggests that dogs show asymmetric tail-wagging responses to different emotive stimuli. "Stimuli that could be expected to elicit approach tendencies seem to be associated with [a] higher amplitude of tail-wagging movements to the right side".[36][37] Dogs can injure themselves by wagging their tails forcefully; this condition is called kennel tail, happy tail, bleeding tail, or splitting tail.[38] In some hunting dogs, the tail is traditionally docked to avoid injuries. Some dogs can be born without tails because of a DNA variant in the T gene, which can also result in a congenitally short (bobtail) tail.[39] A black Standard Schnauzer with a docked tail Health Main article: Dog health Some breeds of dogs are prone to specific genetic ailments such as elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, a cleft palate, and trick knees. Two severe medical conditions significantly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all breeds and ages, and gastric dilatation volvulus (bloat), which affects larger breeds or deep-chested dogs. Both of these are acute conditions and can kill rapidly. Dogs are also susceptible to parasites such as fleas, ticks, mites, hookworms, tapeworms, roundworms, and heartworms that can live in their hearts.[40] Several human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids, causing theobromine poisoning, onions and garlic, causing thiosulfate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning, grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, and xylitol.[41] The nicotine in tobacco can also be dangerous to dogs. Signs of ingestion can include copious vomiting (e.g., from eating cigar butts) or diarrhea. The symptoms of hydrocarbon mixture indigestion can be abdominal pain, aspiration pneumonia, oral ulcers, vomiting, or death.[42][43] The most common deaths among dogs were neoplasia and heart disease, followed by toxicosis and gastrointestinal disease.[44][45][46] A 20-year-record study found that respiratory disease was the most common cause of death in Bulldogs.[47] Puppies were more likely to die from infection or congenital disease.[48] Dogs can also have some of the same health conditions as humans, including diabetes, dental and heart disease, epilepsy, cancer, hypothyroidism, and arthritis. Type 1 diabetes mellitus, resembling human diabetes, is the type of diabetes seen most often in dogs.[49] Their pathology is similar to that of humans, as is their response to treatment and their outcomes. The genes involved in canine obsessive-compulsive disorders led to the detection of four genes in humans' related pathways.[20] Lifespan Further information: Aging in dogs The typical lifespan of dogs varies widely among breeds, but the median longevity (the age at which half the dogs in a po[CENSORED]tion have died and half are still alive) is approximately 12.7 years.[50][51] Obesity correlates negatively with longevity with one study finding obese dogs have a life expectancy approximately a year and a half less than dogs with a healthy weight.[50] Reproduction Main article: Canine reproduction Two dogs tied after mating In domestic dogs, sexual maturity happens around six months to one year for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years of age for some large breeds. This is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle, characterized by their vulvas swelling and producing discharges, usually lasting between 4 and 20 days.[52] They will experience subsequent estrous cycles semiannually, during which the body prepares for pregnancy. At the peak of the cycle, females will become estrous, mentally and physically receptive to co[CENSORED]tion. Because the ova survive and can be fertilized for a week after ovulation, more than one male can sire the same litter.[5] Fertilization typically occurs two to five days after ovulation. After ejaculation, the dogs are coitally tied for around 5–30 minutes because of the male's bulbus glandis swelling and the female's constrictor vestibuli contracting; the male will continue ejaculating until they untie naturally.[53] 14–16 days after ovulation, the embryo attaches to the uterus, and after seven to eight more days, a heartbeat is detectable.[54][55] Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization,[5][56] with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies.[57] Neutering Neutering is the sterilization of animals, usually by removing the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of dogs' overpo[CENSORED]tion in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), advise that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered, so that they do not have undesired puppies that may later be euthanized.[58] According to the Humane Society of the United States, three to four million dogs and cats are euthanized each year.[59] Many more are confined to cages in shelters. Spaying or castrating dogs is considered a major factor in keeping overpo[CENSORED]tion down.[60] Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs.[61] Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop cancers affecting the mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs.[62] However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs,[63] prostate cancer in males,[64] and osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, cruciate ligament rupture, pyometra, obesity, and diabetes mellitus in either sex.[65] Inbreeding depression A common breeding practice for pet dogs is to mate them between close relatives (e.g., between half- and full-siblings).[66] Inbreeding depression is considered to be due mainly to the expression of homozygous deleterious recessive mutations.[67] Outcrossing between unrelated individuals, including dogs of different breeds, results in the beneficial masking of deleterious recessive mutations in progeny.[68] In a study of seven dog breeds (the Bernese Mountain Dog, Basset Hound, Cairn Terrier, Brittany, German Shepherd Dog, Leonberger, and West Highland White Terrier), it was found that inbreeding decreases litter size and survival.[69] Another analysis of data on 42,855 Dachshund litters found that as the inbreeding coefficient increased, litter size decreased and the percentage of stillborn puppies increased, thus indicating inbreeding depression.[70] In a study of Boxer litters, 22% of puppies died before reaching 7 weeks of age. Stillbirth was the most frequent cause of death, followed by infection. Mortality due to infection increased significantly with increases in inbreeding.[71] Behavior Main article: Dog behavior See also: Dog behavior § Behavior compared with other canids Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and external stimuli.[72] Dogs' minds have been shaped by millennia of contact with humans. They have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and are uniquely attuned to human behaviors.[73] Behavioral scientists thought that a set of social-cognitive abilities in domestic dogs that are not possessed by the dog's canine relatives or other highly intelligent mammals, such as great apes, are parallel to children's social-cognitive skills.[74] Unlike other domestic species selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors.[75][76] In 2016, a study found that only 11 fixed genes showed variation between wolves and dogs.[77] These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural evolution and indicate selection on both morphology and behavior during dog domestication. These genes have been shown to affect the catecholamine synthesis pathway, with the majority of the genes affecting the fight-or-flight response[76][78] (i.e., selection for tameness) and emotional processing.[76] Dogs generally show reduced fear and aggression compared with wolves, though some of these genes have been associated with aggression in certain dog breeds.[79][76] Traits of high sociability and lack of fear in dogs may include genetic modifications related to Williams-Beuren syndrome in humans, which cause hypersociability at the expense of problem-solving ability.[80] In a 2023 study of 58 dogs, some dogs classified as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-like showed lower serotonin and dopamine concentrations.[81] A similar study claims that hyperactivity is more common in male and young dogs.[82] A dog can become aggressive because of trauma or abuse, fear or anxiety, territorial protection, or protecting an item it considers valuable.[83] Acute stress reactions from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) seen in dogs can evolve into chronic stress.[84] Police dogs with PTSD can often refuse to work.[85] Dogs have a natural instinct called prey drive (the term is chiefly used to describe training dogs' habits) which can be influenced by breeding. These instincts can drive dogs to consider objects or other animals to be prey or drive possessive behavior. These traits have been enhanced in some breeds so that they may be used to hunt and kill vermin or other pests.[86] Puppies or dogs sometimes bury food underground. One study found that wolves outperformed dogs in finding food caches, likely due to a "difference in motivation" between wolves and dogs.[87] Some puppies and dogs engage in coprophagy out of habit, stress, for attention, or boredom; most of them will not do it later in life. A study hypothesizes that the behavior was inherited from wolves, a behavior likely evolved to lessen the presence of intestinal parasites in dens.[88] Duration: 30 seconds.0:30 Dog swimming over to catch a ball Most dogs can swim. In a study of 412 dogs, around 36.5% of the dogs could not swim; the other 63.5% were able to swim without a trainer in a swimming pool.[89] A study of 55 dogs found a correlation between swimming and improvement of the hip osteoarthritis joint.[90] Nursing A female dog is nursing her newborn puppies. The female dog may produce colostrum 1–7 days before giving birth, lasting for around three months.[91][92] Colostrum peak production was around 3 weeks postpartum and increased with litter size.[92] The dog can sometimes vomit and refuse food during child contractions.[93] In the later stages of the dog's pregnancy, nesting behaviour may occur.[94] Puppies are born with a protective fetal membrane that the mother usually removes shortly after birth. Dogs can have the maternal instincts to start grooming their puppies, consume their puppies' feces, and protect their puppies, likely due to their hormonal state.[95][96] While male-parent dogs can show more disinterested behaviour toward their own puppies,[97] most can play with the young pups as they would with other dogs or humans.[98] A female dog may abandon or attack her puppies or her male partner dog if she is stressed or in pain.[99] Intelligence Main article: Dog intelligence Researchers have tested dogs' ability to perceive information, retain it as knowledge, and apply it to solve problems. Studies of two dogs suggest that dogs can learn by inference. A study with Rico, a Border Collie, showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel things by exclusion learning and correctly retrieved those new items after four weeks of the initial exposure. A study of another Border Collie, Chaser, documented that he had learned the names and could associate them by verbal command with over 1,000 words.[100] One study of canine cognitive abilities found that dogs' capabilities are similar to those of horses, chimpanzees, or cats.[101] One study of 18 household dogs found that the dogs could not distinguish food bowls at specific locations without distinguishing cues; the study stated that this indicates a lack of spatial memory.[102] Dogs demonstrate a theory of mind by engaging in deception.[103] Another experimental study showed evidence that Australian dingos can outperform domestic dogs in non-social problem-solving, indicating that domestic dogs may have lost much of their original problem-solving abilities once they joined humans.[104] Another study showed that after undergoing training to solve a simple mani[CENSORED]tion task, dogs faced with an unsolvable version of the same problem look at humans, while socialized wolves do not.[105] Communication Main article: Dog communication Dog sounds Duration: 15 seconds.0:15 A dog making noises and barking Problems playing this file? See media help. Dog communication is how dogs convey information to other dogs, understand messages from humans, and translate the information that dogs are transmitting.[106]: xii Communication behaviors of dogs include eye gaze, facial expression,[107][108] vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and limbs), and gustatory communication (scents, pheromones, and taste). Dogs' scent marks their territories by urinating on them, which is more likely when entering a new environment.[109][110] Both sexes of dogs may also urinate to communicate anxiety or frustration, submissiveness, or when in exciting or relaxing situations.[111] Aroused dogs can be a result of the dogs' higher cortisol levels.[112] Between 3 and 8 weeks of age, dogs tend to focus on other dogs for social interaction, and between 5 and 12 weeks of age, they shift their focus to people.[113] Belly exposure in dogs can be a defensive behavior that can lead to a bite or to seek comfort. Humans communicate with dogs by using vocalization, hand signals, and body posture. With their acute sense of hearing, dogs rely on the auditory aspect of communication for understanding and responding to various cues, including the distinctive barking patterns that convey different messages. A study using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has shown that dogs respond to both vocal and nonvocal voices using the brain's region towards the temporal pole, similar to that of humans' brains. Most dogs also looked significantly longer at the face whose expression matched the valence of vocalization.[114][115][116] A study of caudate responses shows that dogs tend to respond more positively to social rewards than to food rewards.[117] Ecology Po[CENSORED]tion The dog is probably the most widely abundant large carnivoran living in the human environment.[118][119] In 2013, the estimated global dog po[CENSORED]tion was between 700 million[120] and 987 million.[121] About 20% of dogs live as pets in developed countries.[122] In the developing world, it is estimated that three-quarters of the world's dog po[CENSORED]tion lives in the developing world as feral, village, or community dogs.[123] Most of these dogs live as scavengers and have never been owned by humans, with one study showing that village dogs' most common response when approached by strangers is to run away (52%), or respond aggressively (11%).[124] Competitors and predators Feral and free-ranging dogs' potential to compete with other large carnivores is limited by their strong association with humans.[118] Although wolves are known to kill dogs, they tend to live in pairs in areas where they are highly persecuted, giving them a disadvantage when facing large dog groups.[125][126] In some instances, wolves have displayed an uncharacteristic fearlessness of humans and buildings when attacking dogs, to the extent that they have to be beaten off or killed.[127] Although the numbers of dogs killed each year are relatively low, it induces a fear of wolves entering villages and farmyards to take dogs, and losses of dogs to wolves have led to demands for more liberal wolf hunting regulations.[125] Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. In particular, leopards are known to have a preference for dogs and have been recorded to kill and consume them, no matter their size.[128] Siberian tigers in the Amur River region have killed dogs in the middle of villages. Amur tigers will not tolerate wolves as competitors within their territories, and the tigers could be considering dogs in the same way.[129] Striped hyenas are known to kill dogs in their range.[130] Diet See also: Dog food A Golden Retriever gnawing on a pig's foot Dogs have been described as omnivores.[5][131][132] Compared to wolves, dogs from agricultural societies have extra copies of amylase and other genes involved in starch digestion that contribute to an increased ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet.[4] Similar to humans, some dog breeds produce amylase in their saliva and are classified as having a high-starch diet.[133] However, more like cats and less like other omnivores, dogs can only produce bile acid with taurine, and they cannot produce vitamin D, which they obtain from animal flesh. Of the twenty-one amino acids common to all life forms (including selenocysteine), dogs cannot synthesize ten: arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.[134][135][136] Like cats, dogs require arginine to maintain nitrogen balance. These nutritional requirements place dogs halfway between carnivores and omnivores.[137] Range As a domesticated or semi-domesticated animal, the dog has notable exceptions of presence in: The Aboriginal Tasmanians, who were separated from Australia before the arrival of dingos on that continent The Andamanese peoples, who were isolated when rising sea levels covered the land bridge to Myanmar The Fuegians, who instead domesticated the Fuegian dog, an already extinct different canid species Individual Pacific islands whose maritime settlers did not bring dogs or where the dogs died out after original settlement, notably the Mariana Islands,[138] Palau[139] and most of the Caroline Islands with exceptions such as Fais Island and Nukuoro,[140] the Marshall Islands,[141] the Gilbert Islands,[141] New Caledonia,[142] Vanuatu,[142][143] Tonga,[143] Marquesas,[143] Mangaia in the Cook Islands, Rapa Iti in French Polynesia, Easter Island,[143] the Chatham Islands[144] and Pitcairn Island (settled by the Bounty mutineers, who killed off their dogs to escape discovery by passing ships).[145] Dogs were introduced to Antarctica as sled dogs. Starting practice in December 1993, dogs were later outlawed by the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty international agreement due to the possible risk of spreading infections.[146] Dogs shall not be introduced onto land, ice shelves or sea ice. — Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1991 in Madrid, amended version of Annex II, Article 4 (number two) Roles with humans Main article: Human–canine bond Domestic dogs inherited complex behaviors, such as bite inhibition, from their wolf ancestors, who would have been pack hunters with complex body language. These sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication may account for their trainability, playfulness and ability to fit into human households and social situations,[147] probably also for early human hunter-gatherers. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and the military, companionship and aiding disabled individuals. This influence on human society has given them the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs are also a source of meat.[148][149] Pets A Siberian Husky with a human as companionship The keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history.[150] Pet dog po[CENSORED]tions grew significantly after World War II as suburbanization increased.[150] In the 1980s, there have been changes in the pet dog's role, such as the increased role of dogs in the emotional support of their human guardians.[151][page needed][152][page needed][153] Within the second half of the 20th century, the first dogs' social status major shift has been "commodification", shaping it to conform to social expectations of personality and behavior.[153] The second has been the broadening of the family's concept and the home to include dogs-as-dogs within everyday routines and practices.[153] A vast range of commodity forms aim to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion.[154] The list of goods and services available for dogs, such as dog training books, classes, and television programs, has increased.[155][154] The majority of contemporary dog owners describe their pet as part of the family, although some state that it is an ambivalent relationship.[153] Some dog trainers, such as on the television program Dog Whisperer, have promoted a dominance model of dog-human relationships. However, the idea of the "alpha dog" trying to be dominant is based on a controversial theory about wolf packs.[156][157] It has been disputed that "trying to achieve status" is characteristic of dog-human interactions.[158] Activities in which the dog is an integral partner, such as dog dancing and dog yoga, have increased in participation by human family members.[154] According to statistics published by the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association in the National Pet Owner Survey in 2009–2010, an estimated 77.5 million people in the United States have pet dogs.[159] The source shows that nearly 40% of American households own at least one dog, of which 67% own just one dog, 25% own two dogs, and nearly 9% own more than two dogs. The data also shows an equal number of male and female pet dogs, and less than one-fifth of the owned dogs come from shelters.[160] Workers In addition to dogs' role as companion animals, dogs have been bred for herding livestock (such as collies and sheepdogs); hunting; rodent control (such as terriers); search and rescue dogs;[161] detection dogs (such as those trained to detect illicit drugs or chemical weapons);[162][163] homeguard dogs; police dogs (K-9); welfare-purpose dogs; dogs who assist fishermen retrieve their nets; and dogs that pull loads (such as sled dogs).[5] In 1957, the dog Laika became one of the first animals to be launched into Earth orbit aboard the Soviets' Sputnik 2; she died during the flight from overheating.[164][165] Various kinds of service dogs and assistance dogs, including guide dogs, hearing dogs, mobility assistance dogs, and psychiatric service dogs, assist individuals with disabilities.[166][167] A study of 29 dogs reported that 9 dogs owned by people with epilepsy were reported to exhibit attention-getting behavior to their handler 30 seconds to 45 minutes prior to an impending seizure; there was no significant correlation between the patients' demographics, health, or attitude towards their pets.[168] Shows See also: Dog show There are breed-conformation shows or sports, including racing, sledding and agility competitions, for dogs to participate in with their guardians. In dog shows, also referred to as breed shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard.[169] Weight pulling, a dog sport involving pulling weight, has been criticized for promoting doping and for its risk of injury.[170] Food Main article: Dog meat Dog meat is consumed in some East Asian countries, including China,[148] Vietnam,[149] Korea,[171] Indonesia,[172] and the Philippines,[173] which date back to antiquity.[174] It is estimated that 30 million dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year. Han Chinese traditionally ate dog meat.[175] China is the world's largest consumer of dogs, with an estimated 10 to 20 million dogs killed every year for human consumption, derived from extrapolating industry reports on meat tonnage.[176] Switzerland, Polynesia, and pre-Columbian Mexico also consumed dog meat in their histories.[177][178][179] In some parts of Poland[180][181] and Central Asia,[182][183] dog fat is reportedly believed to be beneficial for the lungs. Eating dog meat is a social taboo in most parts of the world; debates have ensued over banning the consumption of dog meat.[184] The Sui emperors attempted to outlaw dog meat consumption, with the Tang dynasty partially prohibiting dog meat consumption at events.[185] Proponents of eating dog meat have argued that placing a distinction between livestock and dogs is Western hypocrisy and that there is no difference in eating different animals' meat.[186][187][188][189] In some countries, saling or slaughtering dogs for human consumption is prohibited, though some still consume it in modern times. In Korea Main article: Dog meat consumption in South Korea The most po[CENSORED]r Korean dog dish is called bosintang, a spicy stew meant to balance the body's heat during the summer months. Some followers of the custom claim this is done to ensure good health by balancing one's gi, or the body's 'vital energy'. Dogs are not as widely consumed as beef, pork and chicken.[190] The primary dog breed raised for meat in South Korea is the Nureongi, an unrecognized breed by international body.[191] In 2018, the South Korean government passed a bill for restaurants that sell dog meat to stop doing so during the year's Winter Olympics.[192] On 9 January 2024, the South Korean parliament passed a law banning the distribution and sale of dog meat, to take effect in three years.[193] Health risks Further information: Dog bite, Canine vector-borne disease, and Dog bite prevention In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 59,000 people died globally from rabies, with 59.6% in Asia and 36.4% in Africa. Rabies is a disease for which dogs are the most significant vector.[194] Dog bites affect tens of millions of people globally each year. Children in mid-to-late childhood are the largest percentage bitten by dogs, with a greater risk of injury to the head and neck. They are more likely to need medical treatment and have the highest death rate.[195] Sharp claws can lacerate flesh, which can lead to serious infections.[196] In the United States, cats and dogs are a factor in more than 86,000 falls each year.[197] It has been estimated that around 2% of dog-related injuries treated in U.K. hospitals are domestic accidents. The same study concluded that dog-associated road accidents involving injuries are more commonly involving two-wheeled vehicles.[198] Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) eggs in dog feces can cause toxocariasis. In the United States, about 10,000 cases of Toxocara infection are reported in humans each year, and almost 14% of the U.S. po[CENSORED]tion is infected.[199] Untreated toxocariasis can cause retinal damage and decreased vision.[200] Dog feces can also contain hookworms that cause cutaneous larva migrans in humans.[201][202] Health benefits Walking a dog The scientific evidence is mixed as to whether a dog's companionship can enhance human physical and psychological well-being.[203] Studies suggest that there are benefits to physical health and psychological well-being, but they have been criticized for being 'poorly controlled'.[204][205] It states that "the health of elderly people is related to their health habits and social supports but not to their ownership of, or attachment to, a companion animal." Earlier studies have shown that pet dog or cat guardians make fewer hospital visits and are less likely to be on medication for heart problems and sleeping difficulties than non-guardians.[206] People with pet dogs took considerably more physical exercise than those with cats and those without pets; these effects are relatively long-term.[207] Pet guardianship has also been associated with increased coronary artery disease survival. Human guardians are significantly less likely to die within one year of an acute myocardial infarction than those who do not own dogs.[208] Studies have found a small to moderate correlation between dog ownership and increased adult physical activity levels.[209] A 2005 paper states, "recent research has failed to support earlier findings that pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, a reduced use of general practitioner services, or any psychological or physical benefits on health for community dwelling older people. Research has, however, pointed to significantly less absenteeism from school through sickness among children who live with pets."[203] In one study, new guardians reported a significant reduction in minor health problems during the first month following pet acquisition, which was sustained through the 10-month study.[207] The health benefits of dogs can result from contact with dogs in general, not solely from having dogs as pets. For example, when in a pet dog's presence, people show reductions in cardiovascular, behavioral, and psychological indicators of anxiety,[210] and are exposed to immune-stimulating microorganisms, which can protect against allergies and autoimmune diseases according to the hygiene hypothesis. Other benefits include dogs as social support.[211] One study indicated that wheelchair users experience more positive social interactions with strangers when accompanied by a dog than when they are not.[212] In 2015, a study found that pet owners were significantly more likely to get to know people in their neighborhood than non-pet owners.[213] Using dogs and other animals as a part of therapy dates back to the late 18th century, when animals were introduced into mental institutions to help socialize patients with mental disorders.[214] Animal-assisted intervention research has shown that animal-assisted therapy with a dog can increase smiling and laughing among people with Alzheimer's disease.[215] One study demonstrated that children with ADHD and conduct disorders who participated in an education program with dogs and other animals showed increased attendance, knowledge, and skill objectives and decreased antisocial and violent behavior compared with those not in an animal-assisted program.[216] Cultural importance Main articles: Cultural depictions of dogs and Dogs in religion Further information: List of fictional dogs Cerberus, with the gluttons in Dante's third circle of hell, depicted by William Blake Dogs were depicted to symbolize guidance, protection, loyalty, fidelity, faithfulness, alertness, and love.[217] In ancient Mesopotamia, from the Old Babylonian period until the Neo-Babylonian period, dogs were the symbol of Ninisina, the goddess of healing and medicine,[218] and her worshippers frequently dedicated small models of seated dogs to her.[218] In the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian periods, dogs were used as emblems of magical protection.[218] In China, Korea and Japan, dogs are viewed as kind protectors.[219] In mythology, dogs often serve as pets or as watchdogs.[219] Stories of dogs guarding the gates of the underworld recur throughout Indo-European mythologies[220][221] and may originate from Proto-Indo-European religion.[220][221] In Greek mythology, Cerberus is a three-headed, dragon-tailed watchdog who guards the gates of Hades.[219] Dogs are also associated with the Greek goddess Hecate.[222] In Norse mythology, a dog called Garmr guards Hel, a realm of the dead.[219] In Persian mythology, two four-eyed dogs guard the Chinvat Bridge.[219] In Welsh mythology, Annwn is guarded by Cŵn Annwn.[219] In Hindu mythology, Yama, the god of death, owns two watchdogs named Shyama and Sharvara who have four eyes. They are said to watch over the gates of Naraka.[223] A black dog is also considered to be the vahana (vehicle) of Bhairava (an incarnation of Shiva).[224] In Christianity, dogs represent faithfulness.[219] Within the Roman Catholic denomination specifically, the iconography of Saint Dominic includes a dog, after the saint's mother dreamt of a dog springing from her womb and becoming pregnant shortly after that.[225] As such, the Dominican Order (Ecclesiastical Latin: Domini canis) means "dog of the Lord" or "hound of the Lord" (Ecclesiastical Latin: Domini canis).[225] In Christian folklore, a church grim often takes the form of a black dog to guard Christian churches and their churchyards from sacrilege.[226] Jewish law does not prohibit keeping dogs and other pets. Jewish law requires Jews to feed dogs (and other animals that they own) before themselves and make arrangements for feeding them before obtaining them.[227][228] The view on dogs in Islam is mixed, with some schools of thought viewing them as unclean,[219] although Khaled Abou El Fadl states that this view is based on "pre-Islamic Arab mythology" and "a tradition to be falsely attributed to the Prophet."[229] The Sunni Maliki School jurists disagree with the idea that dogs are unclean.[230] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog

The automotive market is littered with gentle euphemisms dreamed up by advertisers. Cars are "personal mobility solutions" and radar cruise control is "semi-autonomous driving assistance." Straight talk remains elusive. Ford has something for those of us exhausted by parsing through Madison Avenue’s pleasantries, luckily. The new Ranger Raptor pickup is as subtle as a punch in the gut, and loud enough to herald the apocalypse. Quick Specs 2024 Ford Ranger Raptor Engine Twin-Turbo 3.0-Liter V-6 Output 405 Horsepower / 430 Pound-Feet Ground Clearance 10.7 Inches Curb Weight 5,325 Pounds Base Price $56,960 On-Sale Date Now The Ranger Raptor was offered around the globe for the last half decade, but it’s new to American buyers for 2024. The same formula from its larger (and incredibly po[CENSORED]r) siblings, the F-150 and Bronco Raptor, trickles down. The Raptor recipe calls for a heaping dose of power, dune-tuned suspension, the biggest A/Ts that’ll fit under the fenders, and a shot of testosterone to the styling. Top Videos: The Ranger’s Raptorfication gives Ford two mid-size superlatives: a 3.0-liter twin-turbo V-6 producing 405 horsepower (the most power of any mid-size truck you can buy today) and a 10-speed automatic transmission (the most gears of any mid-size truck available today). Stylistically, the Ranger Raptor looks like it has something to prove to its bigger siblings . The “FORD” across the front grille runs virtually the entire 79.0-inch width of the truck. The massive fender flares—installed to shield the Raptor’s extra 3.5 inches of track width—are so juiced, they could make Barry Bonds blush. Under that bulk sits a set of 33-inch BFGoodrich K03 A/Ts wrapped around (optional) beadlock-capable wheels, perched outboard of Fox suspension with electronically adjustable internal bypass dampers and external fluid reservoirs. The Bronco and F-150 Raptor will not be bullying their little brother any time soon. Pros: Capable Fox Suspension, Absurd Aggression, Most Powerful Mid-Size Truck If you think the exterior looks aggressive, you haven’t seen anything yet. Every surface of the cabin is highlighted in eye-searing ‘Code Orange,” including the heavily-bolstered front seats. A 12.0-inch portrait touchscreen sits in the center of the microsuede-padded dash; The driver gets a 12.4-inch digital gauge cluster. The steering wheel and center console are coated in buttons that make the Ranger handle rowdier, including a dedicated button for “Raptor Mode”. Taken as a whole, the interior is, frankly, off-putting. The center touchscreen runs Ford’s Sync 4 infotainment, which is quick and easy to navigate, but there’s nowhere to rest your hand—either on the screen or the side of the dash—when actually using it. Reaching for functions on the bottom of the screen—such as seat heaters—is wildly distracting while driving. The microsuede dash and upper door sill padding are out of place: soft-touch surfaces that can’t wipe down easily are nonsensical in a Baja-runner, and they look tacked-on to boot. The Code Orange trim, represented nowhere on the exterior, is jarring and calls attention to how plasticky the dash looks. I much prefer the appearance of the rugged new Tacoma or the slickly minimalist Colorado’s interior, which are both more usable to boot. If you can get past the orange vents and make it out to the trail, the Raptor’s aggression is justified. At high speed with traction control off, kicking the back end—and a truckload of stones—out was a cinch to control with judicious application of the throttle. The suspension in Baja Mode cossets body motions enough to soak up dips and potholes without allowing excessive roll or float. The steering is heavy in Baja mode, but it’s precise and easily adjusted mid-slide, which gave me confidence the moment I flicked the Raptor’s rear end out. While it doesn’t feel vastly faster than its competition in a straight line, the Raptor’s paddle shifters dictate forceful, immediate shifts. The instant torque supplied via the turbochargers’ anti-lag system makes sliding through the dirt an absolute riot. With the exhaust silencers opened up, the V-6 sounds practically straight-piped. It’s not a particularly mellifluous exhaust note, but it makes up for a lack of character in sheer volume. It’s like Vaughn Gittin Jr’s drift-Mustang—on 33s. For hooligan activity at high speed, this truck is hard to beat. Cons: Ill-Placed Infotainment, Noisy Cabin, Juvenile Interior None of the obstacles on the test course were difficult enough to challenge the Ranger Raptor’s low-speed crawling chops (the biggest obstacle was easily tackled by a Honda Ridgeline). The Ford has front and rear locking differentials and a Rock Crawl mode, though, so it could have done more; The question left unanswered is ‘how much more?’ Moab slickrock isn’t the Ranger Raptor’s native turf; Its approach angle of 33.0 degrees trails all of its mid-size competitors, and its 24.2-degree breakover angle is inferior to both the Colorado ZR2 and the Tacoma TRD Pro. While Ford does offer Ranger Raptor-specific skid plates for sensitive components, the gas tank’s shield is a piece of plastic and the transmission is completely unshielded, which would make me anxious in hardcore rock-crawling scenarios. It was still more than enough to make quick work of some steep muddy hills. On pavement, the Ranger Raptor doesn’t calm down much, no matter what mode it’s in. Tire noise is prominent, and steering on-center has six or seven degrees of play—not overly sloppy, but noticeable. The suspension, even in fully relaxed mode, stays stiff and delivers typical body-on-frame truck jolts on big potholes. The steering is heavier than bismuth, even at its calmest setting. This is expected for a truck on 33-inch all-terrains, but the Raptor’s fiercest competitor—the Colorado ZR2—is freakishly civilized on-road for the class, and it makes the Ranger feel uncouth in comparison. None of this changes the fact that if you want the most powerful mid-size truck, there is no substitute; the Colorado ZR2, for all its domestication, still comes up 95 horsepower short of the Ranger Raptor. It’s lacking in manners, but the Raptor is your best bet for taming the Wild West. https://www.motor1.com/reviews/718276/ford-ranger-raptor-first-drive-review/

Dortmund held a 1-0 advantage following the first leg and doubled their lead when Mats Hummels was left unmarked five yards out to head in from Julian Brandt's left-wing corner. That goal came just after PSG's Warren Zaire-Emery wasted a glorious chance as he volleyed against the post from close range early in the second half. PSG hit the upright twice in the opening match in Germany and, after falling 2-0 behind on aggregate, again struck the post through Nuno Mendes. The hosts thought they had been given a penalty and a potential lifeline when Italian referee Daniele Orsato pointed to the spot, only to instantly change his mind and rule that Hummels' foul on Ousmane Dembele had been just outside the area. PSG have never been European champions, losing in the 2020 final, and Dortmund produced an excellent defensive display to frustrate the French title winners. Kylian Mbappe, in his last European match for PSG before joining Real Madrid in the summer, had an effort deflected on to the crossbar, before Vitinha fired against the bar too - the sixth time overall his side had hit the frame of the goal in the tie. The final will be at Wembley on Saturday, 1 June (20:00 BST) and could be an all-German affair, just as it was in May 2013 when Bayern Munich beat Dortmund 2-1 in London. Bayern and Real are in the second 2024 semi-final and the first leg ended 2-2 in Germany, with the second leg in Spain on Wednesday (20:00 BST). Dortmund are aiming to become European champions for the second time in their history after they defeated Juventus 3-1 in the 1997 final. Paris St-Germain v Borussia Dortmund as it happened, plus reaction and analysis Superb Sancho and Dortmund frustrate Mbappe and PSG Dortmund have had a disappointing season domestically as they sit fifth, 24 points behind champions Bayer Leverkusen with two Bundesliga matches remaining. At the start of the European campaign, no-one could have expected Dortmund to be in the final after they were drawn in a tough group that consisted of PSG, AC Milan and Newcastle. But Edin Terzic's side finished top, before they got past PSV Eindhoven in the last 16 and then eliminated Atletico Madrid in the quarter-finals. And even after an excellent 1-0 home win over PSG on 30 April, thanks to Niclas Fullkrug's goal, many people expecting the French side to overpower them in the second leg. However, Dortmund's side, which included hard-working England winger Jadon Sancho, on loan from Manchester United after being frozen out by boss Erik ten Hag, produced a superb team effort at Parc des Princes. In a wonderful, boisterous atmosphere, Dortmund were excellent in stopping the dangerous Mbappe scoring - the forward often up against two or three opponents - with the central defensive partnership of Hummels and Nico Schlotterbeck in fine form. Mbappe had a volley saved by goalkeeper Gregor Kobel and only a superb sliding challenge from Hummels stopped Mbappe from finishing from Fabian Ruiz's pull-back. PSG hit the woodwork four times in the second half but despite sustained late pressure, with Mbappe having a shot saved and Marquinhos heading narrowly wide, could not find the breakthrough as Dortmund reached the final. https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68965987

Intelligence is subjective, but sometimes, you might be forced to spend time with someone who really grinds your gears. How can they be so...dumb? Tough feelings like anger and annoyance may surface, and you may struggle to keep your cool. But the truth is, with a little help, you can stay poised in the face of frustration. We're going to walk you through all of the easiest and most effective tips, so that you can take calmly deal with difficult people. That way, you can walk away feeling proud of yourself for staying calm, cool, and collected. Try to understand that some people won't meet your standards, as much as you wish that they would. Focus on their strengths, not their weaknesses. If someone is difficult or rude, try not to feed fodder to the flame. Keep conversations light, and if they bait you, resist it. Keep in mind that everyone has different strengths and backgrounds. Do your best to lead with understanding (not judgment) and you'll feel less frustration. Part 1 Adjusting Your Perspective Download Article Step 1 Remember, there's a difference between stupidity and a bad personality. 1 Remember, there's a difference between stupidity and a bad personality. People with difficult personalities can be smart, and people with lower intelligence can be joys to work with. Determine what exactly is leaving you feeling annoyed, and it'll be way easier to deal with your frustration. Stubbornness, bad listening, arrogance, and closed-mindedness are traits that might make up a difficult personality. Someone with low-intelligence may struggle to keep up, or struggle to understand things you try to explain. Still, they might be kind, cheery, and ultimately, well-meaning.[1] Low intelligence is not a choice. Step 2 Keep in mind that not everyone can meet your standards. 2 Keep in mind that not everyone can meet your standards. This one is tough, but very important. You may realize that in part, you're getting frustrated with others because you have high standards (which is fair enough). Still, you might find that you're happier in others' company when you're able to tweak your standards a bit. Everyone is different, and not everyone is going to be your cup of tea.[2] You can't control this person's attitude or intelligence, but you can control how you react to it. When you get upset, remind yourself: They're probably doing their best. On a related note, if someone routinely struggles with a certain thing, try not to expect them to magically improve. Instead, try accepting them and focusing on their positive qualities instead. Step 3 Try to see... 3 Try to see things from their perspective.[3] Frustrated with a coworker who just can't seem to get it? Instead of focusing on how that makes things harder for you, try to remember how difficult it must be for them instead. It may be the last thing you want to do when tensions run high, but trust us: this will make you feel better in the long run. Plus, this way, you've taken a bad situation and turned it into a positive outcome. You've become a more compassionate, flexible person (in turn, making you a better friend and employee), which is huge! Step 4 Think critically about this person's background and disadvantages. 4 Think critically about this person's background and disadvantages. Someone who you see as "dumb" might actually be doing the best with what life gave them. Say that they struggle with public speaking; but maybe, when you think more about it, you remember that they told you how much anxiety they feel in tough social moments. This might help you find a little extra compassion![4] Hard work isn't always enough. You might work with someone who tries as hard as they can to reach others' standards, but they still struggle. Step 5 Don't judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree. 5 Don't judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree. As Albert Einstein once said, “Everybody is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid.” People have diverse skill sets. Maybe your disorganized coworker is super empathetic and kind. Maybe your friend who doesn't understand your opinion excels in creative arts. There are a lot of good traits people can have without being intelligent: kindness, creativity, dedication, honesty, et cetera. Would you like to be judged only by your lack of skill in one area? If not, you might decide that it's not fair to do to someone else. Part 2 Handling a Difficult Person Download Article Step 1 Remember that their bad attitude is not about you. 1 Remember that their bad attitude is not about you. You probably didn't do anything to deserve being belittled or insulted. If someone likes to treat other people badly, their behavior speaks to their character, not the character of their latest target (and not you).[5] And remember, even good people have bad days sometimes. You might realize that someone well-meaning is acting a little snippy. That's not because of your behavior. Step 2 Know that you probably won't change a stubborn person's mind. 2 Know that you probably won't change a stubborn person's mind. For a lot of stubborn folks, their mindset isn't going to change, even when they're faced with facts. It's probably not actually about what's true, but rather, their own personal satisfaction. So instead of spending all of your time and energy on them, just let them do their thing (and focus on yourself instead).[6] The less you engage, the less frustrated you'll feel in this person's presence. Step 3 Try to avoid controversial topics. 3 Try to avoid controversial topics. If this person tends to get worked up about certain subjects, then focus on topics that are safe and pleasant. Politics, religion, and other high-tension conversations might end up feeling like a landmine. Instead, stick to pleasantries. Ask about the weather, how they're doing, or how their family has been. It might feel so tempting to try to one up them or prove them wrong, but it could strain your emotions and your relationships. Stick to the basics instead. Step 4 Kill 'em with kindness. 4 Kill 'em with kindness. Rude behavior tends to bring out the worst in people. Similarly, being kind may startle or confuse a rude person into behaving better. Or, it may make them realize that nobody will be on their side if they pick a fight with you. Skip rude or condescending behavior and instead, be exceptionally polite. Remember that it's much easier to be kind and polite than to be mean and nasty. Being mean is bad for your spirit and stress levels, and you're doing your own mental well-being a favor by being as nice as much as you can. Step 5 Don't react emotionally to their rude comments or wrong opinions. 5 Don't react emotionally to their rude comments or wrong opinions. The person may be trying to get a reaction or drag you into a debate. Show them that it won't work by quickly acknowledging it and moving on, without sharing your opinion. Politely change the topic or excuse yourself. "How interesting. Anyway..." "Well, you're entitled to your opinion." "Funny! So, last night..." "Okay, then. I need to get going now." Step 6 Keep your emotions in check when they push your buttons. 6 Keep your emotions in check when they push your buttons. Show this person that their tactics aren't working. If you want to be the dominant person in a conversation, then you have to keep your cool. Sometimes, rude people will try to use your feelings against you in an effort to make you look silly. This is unfair and unkind behavior, but for your own sake, it's best not to give them the opportunity. Take some deep breaths, focus, and try to be patient. If it gets to be too much, excuse yourself to go for a walk.[7] Remember that an emotional reaction will reward them by giving them attention. Step 7 Don't gossip or complain about them to their peers. 7 Don't gossip or complain about them to their peers. It might be tempting to tell everyone just how awful this person is. But what good will that do? While some people may believe you, others may think you're trying to start drama or bully them. It's a quick way to make things even more emotionally charged.[8] It's okay to confide in someone close to you about your personal problems. But it's best to choose someone mature who won't blab and doesn't have to interact with this person as much as you do. Step 8 Ignore them if there's no better option. 8 Ignore them if there's no better option. Ignoring is generally rude, but if you've exhausted the polite options, then it may be the best you can do. If the person addresses you with a dumb comment, just smile and act like he said something pleasant instead of engaging with him. Though this might not be "taking the high road," it is a great way to protect your peace if you're out of options. https://www.wikihow.com/Deal-With-Dumb-People

Rescue efforts were underway after three people were killed and dozens remained trapped after a multi-storey building under construction collapsed in the South African city of George, authorities said. Twenty-four people were rescued from the site and sent to hospitals, the municipality of George, a coastal city east of Cape Town, said in a statement on Tuesday. Fifty-one people remained trapped, according to a statement from the municipality of George. “Seventy-five members of construction crew have been confirmed on site at that time of the incident,” Western Cape premier Alan Winde said earlier. CCTV footage obtained by Reuters showed a cloud of dust as the building crumbled on Monday afternoon. “I saw one guy was working and then ‘boom’ and I saw the whole building collapsed… I’m also traumatised. It is very sad,” Theresa Jeyi, a local councillor, told reporters at the scene. The provincial government said police and rescue teams with sniffer dogs were on site. Rescue workers on site were trying to recall where they heard calls from people, George Mayor Leon van Wyk told SABC, while rescue equipment was on its way. “This is going to be a really lengthy exercise and probably going to go right through the night,” he said. https://edition.cnn.com/2024/05/06/world/building-collapse-south-africa-trapped-intl-hnk/index.html

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