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LIKE many red-blooded American children, I spent high school study hall poring over the pages of car magazines. I ignored my English homework (surprise, Mrs. Oberg! I’m that Tom Voelk); my interest was in art. Ferrari and Lamborghini sculpture, that is. Years later, I joyfully slid behind the wheel of my first exotic — a Lamborghini Countach in the 1990s — and emerged from a long drive thinking: Who on earth could live with a car this cramped, loud and stiffly sprung? McLaren takes a softer approach with the 570GT. Compared with its companion, the performance 570S version, the GT’s front suspension firmness is relaxed by 15 percent in front and 10 percent in the rear. Acoustical insulation is added to the cabin. Special Pirelli tires include a foam liner of sorts to cut road noise. The GT gets a tamer exhaust note, too. The result is high performance, high style and high livability. Oh, and high price. Chances are slim that the car, starting at just over $200,000 ($215,000 as tested), will grab market share from the Toyota Corolla and Honda Civic. But in the four days I had the GT, my wife was astonished at my eagerness to run errands of any kind. Kept in its most docile drive mode, the 570GT is relaxed motoring about town. Modern technology has given supercars better manners. The McLaren, along with the Porsche 911 Turbo S, get my votes for most livable day-to-day performance cars. Remarkably decaffeinated while cruising from drugstore to pizza place, the GT is never jittery. And yet, employ launch control and the car will sprint from 0 to 60 in 3.3 seconds. Surely, few people buy cars this expensive, but such vehicles are important because they pioneer technology that trickles down to everyday cars. Recall that anti-lock brakes showed up first on supercars in the late 1970s. (The 570GT’s brakes are very good, by the way.) Perhaps McLaren’s carbon-fiber tub chassis structure will be common in the future. Shaving weight has improved efficiency. With an E.P.A. fuel economy rating of 16 city and 23 highway on specified premium gas, the car matches many crossovers. Fun fact: No McLaren gets saddled with a gas-guzzler tax. Those special, foam-lined rear tires are driven by a 3.8-liter twin-turbo V8 pumping out 562 horsepower and 443 pound-feet of torque. A 7-speed dual-clutch automatic is smarter than most drivers, but there is also a manual mode. Gearbox and throttle mapping can be altered. Suspension stiffness can be set, too. So really, the GT gives up little to the firmer-sprung S model. The 570GT is quiet for a car of this ilk. (If it’s an isolation chamber you want, buy a Lexus or Buick.) When the road bends hard, the rear-drive McLaren is an automotive Veg-O-Matic, slicing and dicing curves with ease and efficiency. The rear-drive dynamic allows for oversteer with a blip of the throttle. Entertaining? Oh, yes. Choose from an array of leather and stitching colors to personalize the cabin. Built in Britain, the 570 feels more handcrafted and small-volume than cars from other high-end automakers. Features like the transmission operation (which requires deliberate button pushing) and the touch-screen interface take awhile to get used to. The power seat controls, hidden on the lower front of the chairs, are vexing and perhaps the worst I’ve used. Visibility out the front is quite good, but thankfully a backup camera is standard. The car has a small front trunk, and the rear glass yawns open to accept a second suitcase (passers-by can see through the glass, so make it the better-looking bag). Some practical 570 buying advice? Go with the GT rather than the S. McLaren claims most buyers load up the lighter, less expensive S (beginning at around $186,000) to the same price and weight as the GT, so you might as well enjoy the livability. The swept aluminum skin is especially impressive in person. Children who skip homework to ogle cars on the internet know what a McLaren is, but most eyeballs that lock on to the exotic shape confuse it with a Lamborghini. The striking 570GT could be the most outrageous way to travel comfortably and rapidly.

Q. How do I delete my Yahoo account on the web and move on to Outlook.com? A. First, set up a new account on Outlook.com (Microsoft’s free webmail service) if you have not done so already. Next, switch over any social media, e-commerce or other online accounts that use your Yahoo mail address to your new Outlook.com email address. Go through your Yahoo mailbox and forward any messages you want to keep to your new address. If you use a desktop mail program like Mozilla Thunderbird, Windows Mail or Apple Mail, you can also add Yahoo as either a POP or IMAP mail account in the program’s settings to download the messages there so you have a copy on your computer. If you want to take your contacts list with you, export your Yahoo address book. To do so, click the Contacts icon, select Actions and choose Export. Save the contacts as a .csv file that you can import later into Outlook.com. Photo Yahoo gives you a long screen of information and warnings before you delete your account. Credit The New York Times As an alternative approach, you may also be able to import all your Yahoo mail into your Outlook.com account. A page on the Microsoft Office site explains the process with illustrated instructions. The company has another online guide to linking contacts to your Microsoft account from other services, which may be helpful. According to a recent report by the Associated Press, however, Yahoo’s automatic mail forwarding service was turned off earlier this month and a note in Yahoo’s help site says the feature is “temporarily disabled” because the long-standing setting is “under development.” (After the A.P. published its original story, Yahoo did tell the news service that it was working to get the feature restored as soon as possible, and did so a few days later.) Once you have copied all the content you need from the Yahoo account, you can shut it down. While no straightforward link for deleting the account appears in your Yahoo settings, you can get there by logging in and going to https://edit.yahoo.com/config/delete user. (To get there another way, open your Yahoo account settings, click the Help link, search for “delete Yahoo account” and select the “Terminating Your Yahoo Account” page listed in the results.) Once you are on the Account Termination page, read through the information and enter your password as directed to close the account. However, be warned that if you have a Flickr photo-sharing account or use other Yahoo-owned services, your content on those sites will also be deleted — so you may want first to download the files you want to keep from those sites. Once you terminate, Yahoo says, it takes 90 days to fully remove your account from its site.

Samsung killed the Galaxy Note 7 smartphones this week after the devices continued to burst into flames. But the tech behemoth has not extinguished scrutiny over its safety record. The South Korean manufacturer, which makes an array of consumer electronics, including kitchen appliances and television sets, is in the middle of juggling other safety problems. Those include a recall in Australia for more than 144,000 Samsung washing machines that were prone to causing fires, and a potential recall of defective laundry units in the United States. Over the years, Samsung has faced other safety situations that have resulted in regulators taking action. The larger incidents include a 2003 recall of 184,000 microwave ovens in the United States, and 210,000 refrigerators in South Korea in 2009. There have been other smaller recalls, including one in 2009 of about 43,000 microwave ovens in the United States because of a shock hazard and 20,000 washing machines in 2007 because of a fire risk. Those episodes have been compounded by consumer frustration. People who have faced safety hazards with Samsung kitchen and home appliances said they frequently had to jump through hoops to get replacement products or refunds. To them, Samsung’s bungled handling of the Galaxy Note recall this week was not surprising. Ed O’Rourke, a resident of Boston, said that over the span of four years, Samsung replaced his malfunctioning induction range three times before the fourth one’s glass cooktop exploded in 2013. After that, Samsung declined to issue a refund until 2015, after his wife fought the company in small-claims court and won. The couple now uses an Electrolux range. The panoply of other Samsung product recalls shows that the Galaxy Note 7 fiasco was not an isolated case, though it was the company’s largest by far, with more than 2.5 million devices. Combined with Samsung’s often bureaucratic process for rectifying these consumer issues, it raises questions about whether the company prioritized profit over customer safety. “I thought, why doesn’t this happen to Apple or G.E.? And is Samsung playing it a little too cute in pushing things to limits that other companies aren’t pushing in terms of engineering-safety ratio?” Mr. O’Rourke said. Product recalls are common among consumer electronics companies, so given the large portfolio of Samsung products and the size of the company, some problems to its lineup are to be expected. Apple, Samsung’s chief rival, has had a number of smaller recalls for products, including one for thousands of Beats speakers last year after receiving complaints of overheating, and a recall for some iPod Nanos in 2011 because of issues related to overheating. A Samsung spokeswoman pointed to an earlier statement about its washing machines in Australia, in which the company said thousands of refunds and replacements had been made and that customer safety was its top priority. Yet the scale and prominence of the Galaxy Note 7 problem renews the spotlight on Samsung’s safety record in other product areas, even as the company grapples with the smartphone recall. On Wednesday, Samsung revised its third-quarter profit estimates to absorb $2 billion in losses. The company said it earned 5.2 trillion won in the third quarter, 33.3 percent less than the 7.8 trillion won profit it had estimated last week. It said it had also cut its sales estimate for the quarter by 2 trillion won, to 47 trillion won. The revised profit for the third quarter showed a 29.6 percent drop from the same quarter last year. Shares of Samsung fell 0.65 percent on Wednesday after plunging 8 percent on Tuesday. “Samsung has not been communicative with consumers, regulators or the media as clearly as it should have during this recall, especially for a hazard as dangerous as this one where your phone can catch on fire, damage your property and harm your family,” said William Wallace, a policy analyst for Consumers Union, the advocacy arm of Consumer Reports. The smartphone recall is most likely unrelated to other Samsung product recalls that are now unfolding, like the one for the washing machines. That is because consumer electronics like TVs and kitchen appliances are made by a different Samsung division than the mobility group that is responsible for the smartphones. In Australia, Samsung is in the process of a recall it started three years ago for top-loading washing machines that were prone to catching fire as a result of an internal electrical defect. Samsung said that as of last month, it had resolved the problem in 81 percent of the affected washers. Yet many owners of the troubled Samsung washing machines contend their problems are far from resolved. For the recall in Australia, Samsung repaired the machines by fitting plastic bags over some connectors. A Facebook group with more than 4,000 owners of the recalled machines crowdfunded money to hire forensic experts to analyze the fix. The forensic reports concluded that the plastic bag was ineffective because it did not prevent moisture penetration of the connectors. “It’s quite extraordinary that consumers who are scared for their lives had to get these scientific reports done,” said Tarn Allen, an owner of a recalled Samsung washing machine who is an administrator for the Facebook group. Ms. Allen, who lives in Sydney, Australia, said the South Korean manufacturer had refused to issue refunds to many members of the Facebook group until an Australian government agency issued a statement saying it was looking into the matter. Samsung may also be preparing to recall top-loading washing machines in the United States. Some models of the top-loading washers made between 2011 and this year are at risk of causing property damage or personal injury when the machines wash water-resistant clothing and bulky items including bedding, according to the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission. “C.P.S.C. is advising consumers to only use the delicate cycle” with those items, the agency said late last month. “The lower spin speed in the delicate cycle lessens the risk of impact injuries or property damage due to the washing machine becoming dislodged.” The affected units may experience abnormal vibrations, Samsung said in a statement. The commission and Samsung said they were working toward a fix.

NEW DELHI — For days, many in Delhi have been living as if under siege, trying to keep the dirty air away from their children and older parents. But it is not easy: Open a window or a door, and the haze enters the room within seconds. Outside, the sky is white, the sun a white circle so pale that you can barely make it out. The smog is acrid, eye-stinging and throat-burning, and so thick that it is being blamed for a 70-vehicle pileup north of the city. If in past years Delhi’s roughly 20 million residents shrugged off wintertime pollution as fog, over the past week they viewed it as a crisis. Schools have been ordered closed for three days — an unprecedented measure, but not a reassuring one because experts say the concentration of pollutants inside Indian homes is typically not much lower than outside. Levels of the most dangerous particles, called PM 2.5, reached 700 micrograms per cubic meter on Monday, and over the weekend they soared in some places to 1,000, or more than 16 times the limit India’s government considers safe. The damage from sustained exposure to such high concentrations of PM 2.5 is equivalent to smoking more than two packs of cigarettes a day, experts say. Photo A family rode a scooter during heavy smog and dust in Delhi on Sunday. Credit Harish Tyagi/European Pressphoto Agency “There is so much smog outside that today, inside my house, I felt as though someone had just burned a few sheets of paper,” said Amaan Ahuja, one of dozens who shared their families’ experiences in response to a request from The New York Times. “You can literally see smoke in the air, and when you breathe, you can smell it, too,” he said. “We are trying to keep the kids indoors with all the windows closed.” Another reader, Tulika Seth, described her family’s life over the past week as “unnatural and disturbing.” Asked where she lived, she responded, “a gas chamber.” Photo Construction continued on a building on Monday. Credit Dominique Faget/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images To understand the health consequences of the dense smog that settled over India’s capital over the past week, scientists are looking back decades in search of a historical precedent: to the 1952 Great Smog of London, which is believed to have caused as many as 12,000 premature deaths. In that case, a layer of dense pollution — caused largely by emissions from burning coal — dissipated after four days, when the weather changed. But an uptick in deaths continued for weeks afterward, so shocking the public that it spurred a wave of environmental regulations. Delhi’s chief minister on Sunday announced a series of emergency measures, including a five-day moratorium on construction, a 10-day closure of a power plant and a three-day closure of about 1,800 public schools. On Monday, the city government released a list of health guidelines, advising citizens to wash their eyes with running water and to go to a hospital if they were experiencing symptoms like “breathlessness, giddiness, chest pain and chest constriction.” But experts said mitigating the conditions would have required policies to be put in place months ago. Continue reading the main story “These are all decent emergency measures, but they’re not solving the long-term problem,” said Bhargav Krishna, who manages the Public Health Foundation of India’s environmental health center. “The best we can hope for, in a way, is to plan for next year,” he added. “This year is almost a washout.” Photo Runners struggled through a 10-kilometer race on Sunday. Credit Dominique Faget/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images Changing weather conditions are likely to disperse the dense cloud of pollutants over the next few days. But they will also bring the beginning of the widespread burning of trash, including plastic and rubber, for warmth by Delhi’s poor. Among the persistent problems for policy makers is that the sources of the pollution — vehicles, construction, crop burning and holiday fireworks — fall under the authority of half a dozen city, state and federal government bodies, which are in some cases at odds with one another politically, Mr. Krishna said. “Where exactly is the responsibility for implementing these plans?” he said. “At whose desk does this all lie?” He added, “The diffuse nature of power means that it is easy to pass on responsibility to others.” Public anger over Delhi’s air is more palpable than in previous years, and people are more likely to identify pollution as the cause of their health problems. Anumita Roychowdhury, who runs the air pollution program at the Center for Science and Environment, said that sense of urgency would have to be sustained if the city were to impose lifestyle changes, including restraints on car travel. Photo A game of cricket amid heavy smog on Sunday. Credit Dominique Faget/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images “This has to translate to very strong support for very hard decisions,” she said. “All soft options are over.” First, though, people here must get through the next few days. Sherebanu Frosh, who lives in Gurgaon, south of Delhi, said she and her children were “cowering by our air purifiers,” which had become overloaded with the concentration of particles in the air. “So we’re putting both our purifiers in one room and spending the day there,” she said. “If we leave, we wear masks.” Jessica Farmer, whose children attend the American Embassy School in Delhi, said she had moved five purifiers into three rooms of her house, but the concentration of PM 2.5 in some places remained at 300, five times the W.H.O. recommended limit. “It is as though we are under siege,” Ms. Farmer said. “We can’t go outside, to malls or movies where the air is not purified. “How can one live like this?”

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Adobe is the latest in an increasingly long line of businesses that have announced they'll be raising prices for their UK customers in response to the pound’s fluctuating value against the dollar. The company behind, and for some essential, products such as Photoshop, Lightroom, InDesign, and Illustrator sent its customers an email stating that because of “recent changes in exchange rates” Creative Cloud subscriptions would be rising in price from March 6. Adobe’s official blog post on the subject is fairly scant when it comes to exactly how much the prices are rising, stating that Swedish and Brazilian customers will also see a rise and that “existing customers will receive information about their subscription pricing directly from Adobe”. Price edit We reached out to Adobe for an official statement on the matter and clarification on pricing, and received the following response: "Like many companies doing business globally, Adobe is making pricing adjustments based on fluctuating foreign exchange rates. Markets impacted include Sweden and the UK where pricing varied slightly based on the specific Adobe offering. "Select customers saw the same price adjustments but adjustments may have appeared to be larger if they were coming to the end of a specific promotion. "For example, a customer who was part of a promotion that discounted the product by 50% for the first year would receive an email communication indicating that the promotional pricing period was ending and they were shifting to standard pricing while also noting the fluctuation on the foreign exchange rate. "We will monitor currency fluctuations and make pricing adjustments as necessary. Adobe will continue to provide world-class products and services at a compelling value for all of our members.” Regardless of exactly how much costs are set to rise by, Adobe’s creative software isn't exactly cheap to start with. For those who rely on its products for their studies or freelance work, any increase could hit hard. Some worthy alternatives Outside of professional spheres, the most widely used piece of software that’ll be subject to a price rise is probably Photoshop, so in light of that we’re flagging up some free alternatives. They may not have all the features that make Photoshop the first choice for professionals, but for most people they’re worthy alternatives. Our first suggestion is GIMP, which is by far the best free Photoshop alternative. It has fully customizable masks, layers, advanced filters, color adjustments and transformations, as well as a wealth of user-created plugins and scripts which replicate Photoshop tools. Even better, it comes with an excellent in-depth user manual to help you get started without a fuss. Photo Pos Pro is another excellent alternative. It has interfaces to accommodate both beginners and advanced users, the latter of which closely resembles Photoshop. If you find GIMP’s endless lists and menus intimidating and/or exhausting, then Photo Pos Pro could be the option for you. Its main drawback is the limit on save file sizes (1024 x 2014 pixels), but if you decide you like the basic version and want to upgrade, Photo Pos Pro Premium is currently discounted to £17.67, which is a reasonable price for a stellar Photoshop alternative.

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Certain institutions in the world are so powerful and po[CENSORED]r that we are just lucky that they are a force for good. Like Oprah. If she decided one day that she would like to try out villainy, we would all be in a lot of trouble. Then there’s Google. It’s a company that many consumers rely on and love. It is also a company that has an immense impact on online commerce, in the United States as well as in many other countries where its search engine dominates. Show up high in a Google search and business is good. Vanish and business dries up. Given that Google offers products that sometimes compete with those of other companies — internet browsers and online shopping services, to name just two — there is the risk that the mysterious algorithm that determines search results will favor the company that created and controls that algorithm. That’s why European regulators have charged Google with antitrust violations. But these charges tend to focus on a kind of general harm to the market, often expressed as an anxiety that competition could be stifled. Examples of specific companies that have been harmed by Google, in a material way, are rare. But in this episode, we meet a company that thinks it might fit that description. Q. The email service that I use, ProtonMail, recently wrote a blog post on its company site about how Google nearly put it out of business. You’ve written about Google before, and I thought you might be interested. Is this an example of the search giant exploiting its market power? Peter Smith Boston A. The blog post in question, titled “Search Risk — How Google Almost Killed ProtonMail,” tells a fascinating story. ProtonMail is based in Geneva and offers encrypted email, a product that puts it in competition with Gmail from Google. ProtonMail started in 2014, and by the next summer it had half a million users. In searches for “encrypted email” and “secure email” ProtonMail had been turning up on the first or second page in its first year in business. Not bad. In October 2015, though, the company was turning up many pages deep into a search, which is tantamount to disappearing. ProtonMail consulted search engine optimization experts and none could explain why. If a company tries to snooker Google with what are known as “black hat” search tricks, Google will sometimes retaliate. ProtonMail says it was staying on the right side of Google’s many rules. The company was still doing well on other search engines, like Bing and Yahoo. The company tried twice to contact Google, without success. It wrote to a regional Google president in charge of strategic relationships. Nothing. In August, the company privately contacted Matt Cutts, then the head of Google’s web spam team, on Twitter. “We know Google is intentionally hiding ProtonMail from search results,” the company wrote. “Interested in talking before our data goes public?” Mr. Cutts wrote back the same day, sounding responsive. A few days passed. ProtonMail nudged on Aug. 9, and by Aug. 11 ProtonMail tweeted to Mr. Cutts that “the problem seems to be mostly fixed now.” Currently, ProtonMail is ranked No. 1 in searches for both “encrypted email” and “secure email.” But the damage incurred during ProtonMail’s months in the internet’s version of timeout was huge. “Google directly caused ProtonMail’s growth rate worldwide to be reduced by 25 percent for over 10 months,” the company wrote in its blog post. The company went from covering its monthly expenses to drawing on its emergency reserve fund. So what caused this near-death experience? The closest that Google ever came to an explanation was to write that it “fixed something,” according to Andy Yen, a ProtonMail co-founder. That’s pretty vague. The Haggler wrote to Google seeking illumination. A few days later, a company spokeswoman, Kara Berman, responded: “While we understand that situations like this may raise questions, we typically don’t comment on how specific algorithms impact specific websites. We’re continually refining these algorithms and appreciate hearing from users and webmasters. While in many cases search ranking changes reflect algorithmic criteria working as intended, in some cases we’re able to identify unique features that lead to varied results. We’re sorry that it took so look to connect in this case and are glad the issue is resolved.” Google has long erred on the side of opacity when discussing algorithm issues because, as it often says, the more that is known about the algorithm, the easier it will be for bad actors to game it. Fair enough. It is also worth noting that while ProtonMail did a lot to get Google’s attention, it did not use the path that Google recommends — a post to the company’s webmasters, who can be reached through a number of links collected on a Google webmasters page. When asked why he had not tried that route, Mr. Yen responded that friends in the S.E.O. world said the chances of getting a response via that channel were not good. It seems highly unlikely to the Haggler that Google set out to sabotage ProtonMail. But this episode is a reminder of a conflict of interest at Google’s core. It is like a football team that gets to write the rules, own all the equipment and control the referees. No opposing franchise in its right mind would compete on those terms, but Google’s po[CENSORED]rity and its singular role in online commerce mean that rivals don’t have a choice. They just have to hope that Google can resist the never-ending temptation to place profits over fairness. And that whenever the company needs to “fix something,” it does so lickety-split.

SAMARKHEL, Afghanistan — There is one country in the world that is now taking in more Afghan migrants than all the countries in Europe and South Asia put together this year. That would be Afghanistan itself. By the end of the year, aid officials here expect some 1.5 million migrants to return to Afghanistan — many of them forcibly, and including some officially registered as refugees. Some will come from Europe, which has recently signed a deal with Afghanistan to return tens of thousands of migrants who were not granted asylum. A far larger number are being forced back by Iran and, particularly, Pakistan, where the United Nations says there are 1.3 million registered Afghan refugees and an additional 700,000 undocumented Afghans. Many Afghans report that concerted harassment and discrimination by the Pakistani authorities have become too much to bear. And Pakistan has flatly given Afghans a Nov. 15 deadline to obtain legal documents like passports and visas — a near impossibility for most — or they will face arrest and deportation, which could lead to even greater numbers leaving Pakistan in the coming weeks. Continue reading the main story RELATED COVERAGE Europe Makes Deal to Send Afghans Home, Where War Awaits Them OCT. 5, 2016 KABUL JOURNAL For $14.50, Afghan Refugees Make a Desperate Bet on a Way Out SEPT. 13, 2015 ‘Afghan Girl’ in 1985 National Geographic Photo Is Arrested in Pakistan OCT. 26, 2016 The last straw for Ghulamullah, a father of 10 who had sons in Pakistani schools and one married to a Pakistani woman, was when a soldier entered his house with a dog. “I came to Pakistan to save my honor and my religion,” he said, “but I see there is no more honor in Pakistan. The Pakistani Army gave me 15 days to leave.” He has now settled in a camp near Jalalabad, in eastern Afghanistan. Official or unofficial, many of the Afghans had lived abroad for decades, and they are returning to a country where the war is at its most traumatic since 2001. And as they come back, they are redrawing the demographic map of a region that has long been defined by its displaced po[CENSORED]tion and where cities are already straining to deal with rapidly expanding tent camps and shanty towns. “With all these returns from Pakistan and Iran as well, and looming returns from Europe, it’s a perfect recipe for a perfect storm because that puts a strain on the capacity of the government to respond,” said Laurence Hart, the head of the International Organization for Migration office in Kabul. Aid groups do not have budgets to care for many of the new arrivals, who are expected in many cases to end up swelling the ranks of the internally displaced — people who have lived often for years in squalid conditions in camps around cities. Photo Afghans arriving at the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees repatriation center in Torkham, as they crossed back into Afghanistan. Credit Noorullah Shirzada/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images “It’s a poverty competition here now,” Mr. Hart said. Referring to internally displaced people, he added, “Existing I.D.P.s are increasingly vulnerable because of new arrivals.” Within Afghanistan, the worsening war with the Taliban has sent record numbers of people fleeing their homes in conflict areas. Just in the past two months, according to Afghanistan’s Ministry of Refugees and Repatriation, 600,000 people have been displaced from their homes by conflict, swelling the ranks of the 1.2 million internal refugees or displaced people in Afghanistan from previous years to as much as 1.8 million. That could mean more than three million internal or returning refugees inside the country, more than Afghanistan has ever experienced. Many of them will have nowhere to go, pitching up at existing camps, making new settlements and crowding into already overcrowded villages — since few of the returnees can go back to their original homes, often in war-torn areas that they left decades ago. Add to that mix programs that have quietly ramped up in recent months to return Afghans from Europe who are judged ineligible for asylum there. This year, Norway has sent back 442 Afghans, more than half of them forcibly, while Germany has returned 2,900 Afghans, nearly all voluntarily. Early in October, the European Union signed an agreement with Afghanistan to return Afghans whose asylum appeals are rejected — most likely resulting in tens of thousands of repatriations. Known as the Joint Way Forward declaration, which critics say Europe made a condition of continued development assistance to Afghanistan, it even provides for building a dedicated airport terminal in Kabul to handle the expected repatriations. Many of those returning spent many years and even decades in their host countries, including many people born there who are now adults with children of their own. “I don’t remember a time this difficult,” said Maya Ameratunga, the Afghanistan director for the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. She had previously worked in Pakistan. “Now we’re dealing with the po[CENSORED]tion who left Afghanistan in the 1980s and don’t know this country.” Every morning now, a parade of trucks loaded 15 feet high with household possessions, firewood and small children — and even sometimes a cow or two — pulls up at the Samarkhel Encashment Center outside Jalalabad. The center is run by the United Nations refugee agency, and catches the traffic coming from the main border crossing with Pakistan, at Torkham. By FAHIM ABED 00:26 Families Sent Back to Afghanistan Video Families Sent Back to Afghanistan Pakistan has ordered thousands of Afghan migrants and refugees to return to their war-torn home country. With their possessions piled high onto cargo trucks, many stop at the United Nations-run aid station near Jalalabad, in eastern Afghanistan. By FAHIM ABED on Publish Date November 4, 2016. Photo by Fahim Abed/The New York Times. ShareTweet Each day, about 400 refugee families come through the encashment center, which, as its name suggests, is the place where registered refugees get cash from the United Nations agency to start new lives — about $400 per family member, expected to last them six months. By contrast, only 467 families came through Samarkhel in all of 2014 — a busy day’s worth now. After relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan soured in June, anti-refugee campaigns by the Pakistani authorities began driving many people to leave. Today’s Headlines: Asia Edition Get news and analysis from Asia and around the world delivered to your inbox every day in the Asian morning. Enter your email address Sign Up Receive occasional updates and special offers for The New York Times's products and services. SEE SAMPLE PRIVACY POLICY “We believe if it continues at the same rate, no more Afghans will be left in Pakistan by next July or August,” said Ahmed Wali, who manages the center for the refugee agency. Refugees say they have faced a campaign of police and official harassment in Pakistan ever since relations between the two countries hit a new low last summer. Among the Afghans who have been suddenly rounded up on various legal charges, often after decades of residence, was Sharbat Gula, who became internationally famous as the “Afghan girl” who appeared on a cover of National Geographic magazine in 1985. SAMARKHEL, Afghanistan — There is one country in the world that is now taking in more Afghan migrants than all the countries in Europe and South Asia put together this year. That would be Afghanistan itself. By the end of the year, aid officials here expect some 1.5 million migrants to return to Afghanistan — many of them forcibly, and including some officially registered as refugees. Some will come from Europe, which has recently signed a deal with Afghanistan to return tens of thousands of migrants who were not granted asylum. A far larger number are being forced back by Iran and, particularly, Pakistan, where the United Nations says there are 1.3 million registered Afghan refugees and an additional 700,000 undocumented Afghans. Many Afghans report that concerted harassment and discrimination by the Pakistani authorities have become too much to bear. And Pakistan has flatly given Afghans a Nov. 15 deadline to obtain legal documents like passports and visas — a near impossibility for most — or they will face arrest and deportation, which could lead to even greater numbers leaving Pakistan in the coming weeks. Continue reading the main story RELATED COVERAGE Europe Makes Deal to Send Afghans Home, Where War Awaits Them OCT. 5, 2016 KABUL JOURNAL For $14.50, Afghan Refugees Make a Desperate Bet on a Way Out SEPT. 13, 2015 ‘Afghan Girl’ in 1985 National Geographic Photo Is Arrested in Pakistan OCT. 26, 2016 The last straw for Ghulamullah, a father of 10 who had sons in Pakistani schools and one married to a Pakistani woman, was when a soldier entered his house with a dog. “I came to Pakistan to save my honor and my religion,” he said, “but I see there is no more honor in Pakistan. The Pakistani Army gave me 15 days to leave.” He has now settled in a camp near Jalalabad, in eastern Afghanistan. Official or unofficial, many of the Afghans had lived abroad for decades, and they are returning to a country where the war is at its most traumatic since 2001. And as they come back, they are redrawing the demographic map of a region that has long been defined by its displaced po[CENSORED]tion and where cities are already straining to deal with rapidly expanding tent camps and shanty towns. “With all these returns from Pakistan and Iran as well, and looming returns from Europe, it’s a perfect recipe for a perfect storm because that puts a strain on the capacity of the government to respond,” said Laurence Hart, the head of the International Organization for Migration office in Kabul. Aid groups do not have budgets to care for many of the new arrivals, who are expected in many cases to end up swelling the ranks of the internally displaced — people who have lived often for years in squalid conditions in camps around cities. Photo Afghans arriving at the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees repatriation center in Torkham, as they crossed back into Afghanistan. Credit Noorullah Shirzada/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images “It’s a poverty competition here now,” Mr. Hart said. Referring to internally displaced people, he added, “Existing I.D.P.s are increasingly vulnerable because of new arrivals.” Within Afghanistan, the worsening war with the Taliban has sent record numbers of people fleeing their homes in conflict areas. Just in the past two months, according to Afghanistan’s Ministry of Refugees and Repatriation, 600,000 people have been displaced from their homes by conflict, swelling the ranks of the 1.2 million internal refugees or displaced people in Afghanistan from previous years to as much as 1.8 million. That could mean more than three million internal or returning refugees inside the country, more than Afghanistan has ever experienced. Many of them will have nowhere to go, pitching up at existing camps, making new settlements and crowding into already overcrowded villages — since few of the returnees can go back to their original homes, often in war-torn areas that they left decades ago. Add to that mix programs that have quietly ramped up in recent months to return Afghans from Europe who are judged ineligible for asylum there. This year, Norway has sent back 442 Afghans, more than half of them forcibly, while Germany has returned 2,900 Afghans, nearly all voluntarily. Early in October, the European Union signed an agreement with Afghanistan to return Afghans whose asylum appeals are rejected — most likely resulting in tens of thousands of repatriations. Known as the Joint Way Forward declaration, which critics say Europe made a condition of continued development assistance to Afghanistan, it even provides for building a dedicated airport terminal in Kabul to handle the expected repatriations. Many of those returning spent many years and even decades in their host countries, including many people born there who are now adults with children of their own. “I don’t remember a time this difficult,” said Maya Ameratunga, the Afghanistan director for the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. She had previously worked in Pakistan. “Now we’re dealing with the po[CENSORED]tion who left Afghanistan in the 1980s and don’t know this country.” Every morning now, a parade of trucks loaded 15 feet high with household possessions, firewood and small children — and even sometimes a cow or two — pulls up at the Samarkhel Encashment Center outside Jalalabad. The center is run by the United Nations refugee agency, and catches the traffic coming from the main border crossing with Pakistan, at Torkham. By FAHIM ABED 00:26 Families Sent Back to Afghanistan Video Families Sent Back to Afghanistan Pakistan has ordered thousands of Afghan migrants and refugees to return to their war-torn home country. With their possessions piled high onto cargo trucks, many stop at the United Nations-run aid station near Jalalabad, in eastern Afghanistan. By FAHIM ABED on Publish Date November 4, 2016. Photo by Fahim Abed/The New York Times. ShareTweet Each day, about 400 refugee families come through the encashment center, which, as its name suggests, is the place where registered refugees get cash from the United Nations agency to start new lives — about $400 per family member, expected to last them six months. By contrast, only 467 families came through Samarkhel in all of 2014 — a busy day’s worth now. After relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan soured in June, anti-refugee campaigns by the Pakistani authorities began driving many people to leave. Today’s Headlines: Asia Edition Get news and analysis from Asia and around the world delivered to your inbox every day in the Asian morning. Enter your email address Sign Up Receive occasional updates and special offers for The New York Times's products and services. SEE SAMPLE PRIVACY POLICY “We believe if it continues at the same rate, no more Afghans will be left in Pakistan by next July or August,” said Ahmed Wali, who manages the center for the refugee agency. Refugees say they have faced a campaign of police and official harassment in Pakistan ever since relations between the two countries hit a new low last summer. Among the Afghans who have been suddenly rounded up on various legal charges, often after decades of residence, was Sharbat Gula, who became internationally famous as the “Afghan girl” who appeared on a cover of National Geographic magazine in 1985. Almost none of the Afghans leaving Pakistan are doing so in the belief that Afghanistan is now safer to live in. Official pressure and discrimination are the most common reasons given. Under international law, Pakistan is obliged to allow registered refugees to stay, and most of those who leave are doing so voluntarily — in theory. “I personally don’t see this as a voluntary repatriation,” said Mohammad Ismail, the head of the United Nations refugee office in Jalalabad. “When you are harassed, intimidated, rounded up by police, taken to court, forced to pay bribes, you are being forced to leave.” Shaqiullah, 46, fled the Soviet invasion to Pakistan at age 17. Last month, he returned with his two wives and their 20 children, ranging in age from 6 months to 28 years, all born in Pakistan. He stopped in Samarkhel to collect his reintegration payment before heading on to Jalalabad. “They are all sad and unhappy in their new home,” he said. “They had friends there, schools there, everything there. They didn’t know anything else.” Shaqiullah is luckier than most, however, since he is a mullah and has already found a job — as the mullah for a refugee camp in Afghanistan for newly homeless Afghans. Undocumented returning migrants, who never succeeded in being registered as refugees but have often spent years abroad, are even worse off. Since they are not entitled to cash reintegration payments from the United Nations agency, the International Organization for Migration screens those who come back and singles out the 40 percent who are most vulnerable — a sort of triage brought by funding shortfalls. Typically, the vulnerable returnees receive $500 a family, and other emergency services, from I.O.M., which has begun an emergency appeal to be able to fund even that level of service. The United Nations refugee agency also says it is greatly underfunded to help the returnees. Other than the cash payments, when available, most of the refugees have little to come home to in Afghanistan. While the Afghan government has promised them plots of land, that is unlikely to come about any time soon; internally displaced refugees already have been waiting for years for promised land grants to materialize. “There are more than a million people on the move,” Ms. Ameratunga said. “And this is happening at a time when winter can be a life-or-death challenge, and when donor fatigue is stretched with all the disasters happening all over the world.” e in. Official pressure and discrimination are the most common reasons given. Under international law, Pakistan is obliged to allow registered refugees to stay, and most of those who leave are doing so voluntarily — in theory. “I personally don’t see this as a voluntary repatriation,” said Mohammad Ismail, the head of the United Nations refugee office in Jalalabad. “When you are harassed, intimidated, rounded up by police, taken to court, forced to pay bribes, you are being forced to leave.” Shaqiullah, 46, fled the Soviet invasion to Pakistan at age 17. Last month, he returned with his two wives and their 20 children, ranging in age from 6 months to 28 years, all born in Pakistan. He stopped in Samarkhel to collect his reintegration payment before heading on to Jalalabad. “They are all sad and unhappy in their new home,” he said. “They had friends there, schools there, everything there. They didn’t know anything else.” Shaqiullah is luckier than most, however, since he is a mullah and has already found a job — as the mullah for a refugee camp in Afghanistan for newly homeless Afghans. Undocumented returning migrants, who never succeeded in being registered as refugees but have often spent years abroad, are even worse off. Since they are not entitled to cash reintegration payments from the United Nations agency, the International Organization for Migration screens those who come back and singles out the 40 percent who are most vulnerable — a sort of triage brought by funding shortfalls. Typically, the vulnerable returnees receive $500 a family, and other emergency services, from I.O.M., which has begun an emergency appeal to be able to fund even that level of service. The United Nations refugee agency also says it is greatly underfunded to help the returnees. Other than the cash payments, when available, most of the refugees have little to come home to in Afghanistan. While the Afghan government has promised them plots of land, that is unlikely to come about any time soon; internally displaced refugees already have been waiting for years for promised land grants to materialize. “There are more than a million people on the move,” Ms. Ameratunga said. “And this is happening at a time when winter can be a life-or-death challenge, and when donor fatigue is stretched with all the disasters happening all over the world.”

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