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MIT researchers have developed a new method to 3D print mechanisms that detect how force is being applied to an object. The structures are made from a single piece of material, so they can be rapidly prototyped. A designer could use this method to 3D print "interactive input devices," like a joystick, switch, or handheld controller, in one go. To accomplish this, the researchers integrated electrodes into structures made from metamaterials, which are materials divided into a grid of repeating cells. They also created editing software that helps users build these interactive devices. "Metamaterials can support different mechanical functionalities. But if we create a metamaterial door handle, can we also know that the door handle is being rotated, and if so, by how many degrees? If you have special sensing requirements, our work enables you to customize a mechanism to meet your needs," says co-lead author Jun Gong, a former visiting Ph.D. student at MIT who is now a research scientist at Apple. Gong wrote the paper alongside fellow lead authors Olivia Seow, a graduate student in the MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), and Cedric Honnet, a research assistant in the MIT Media Lab. Other co-authors are MIT graduate student Jack Forman and senior author Stefanie Mueller, who is an associate professor in EECS and a member of the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL). The research will be presented at the Association for Computing Machinery Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology next month. "What I find most exciting about the project is the capability to integrate sensing directly into the material structure of objects. This will enable new intelligent environments in which our objects can sense each interaction with them," Mueller says. "For instance, a chair or couch made from our smart material could detect the user's body when the user sits on it and either use it to query particular functions (such as turning on the light or TV) or to collect data for later analysis (such as detecting and correcting body posture)." Embedded electrodes Because metamaterials are made from a grid of cells, when the user applies force to a metamaterial object, some of the flexible, interior cells stretch or compress. The researchers took advantage of this by creating "conductive shear cells," flexible cells that have two opposing walls made from conductive filament and two walls made from nonconductive filament. The conductive walls function as electrodes. When a user applies force to the metamaterial mechanism—moving a joystick handle or pressing the buttons on a controller—the conductive shear cells stretch or compress, and the distance and overlapping area between the opposing electrodes changes. Using capacitive sensing, those changes can be measured and used to calculate the magnitude and direction of the applied forces, as well as rotation and acceleration. To demonstrate this, the researchers created a metamaterial joystick with four conductive shear cells embedded around the base of the handle in each direction (up, down, left, and right). As the user moves the joystick handle, the distance and area between the opposing conductive walls changes, so the direction and magnitude of each applied force can be sensed. In this case, those values were converted to inputs for a "PAC-MAN" game. By understanding how joystick users apply forces, a designer could prototype unique handle shapes and sizes for people with limited grip strength in certain directions. The researchers also created a music controller designed to conform to a user's hand. When the user presses one of the flexible buttons, conductive shear cells within the structure are compressed and the sensed input is sent to a digital synthesizer. This method could enable a designer to quickly create and tweak unique, flexible input devices for a computer, like a squeezable volume controller or bendable stylus. A software solution MetaSense, the 3D editor the researchers developed, enables this rapid prototyping. Users can manually integrate sensing into a metamaterial design or let the software automatically place the conductive shear cells in optimal locations. "The tool will simulate how the object will be deformed when different forces are applied, and then use this simulated deformation to calculate which cells have the maximum distance change. The cells that change the most are the optimal candidates to be conductive shear cells," Gong says. The researchers endeavored to make MetaSense straightforward, but there are challenges to printing such complex structures. "In a multimaterial 3D printer, one nozzle would be used for nonconductive filament and one nozzle would be used for conductive filament. But it is quite tricky because the two materials may have very different properties. It requires a lot of parameter-tuning to settle on the ideal speed, temperature, etc. But we believe that, as 3D printing technology continues to get better, this will be much easier for users in the future," he says. In the future, the researchers would like to improve the algorithms behind MetaSense to enable more sophisticated simulations. They also hope to create mechanisms with many more conductive shear cells. Embedding hundreds or thousands of conductive shear cells within a very large mechanism could enable high-resolution, real-time visualizations of how a user is interacting with an object, Gong says.

The most powerful gaming GPU you can get in a laptop today, Nvidia’s RTX 3080, offers boost clocks up to 1,710 MHz (depending on TGP), up to 16GB of GDDR6 memory and 6,144 CUDA cores. However, as with buying RTX 3080 graphics cards for your desktop or gaming desktops with RTX 3080 inside, it’s not always easy to find systems in stock with the mobile version. That’s why we’re rounding up all the major-brand RTX 3080 laptops you can buy (in the U.S. anyway) below, along with links to where you can buy them. We have not tested all of these laptops so we can’t vouch for their overall performance, their screen quality, build quality or other features. However, with the massive stock shortages we’re seeing, sometimes your best choice is the one you can find in stock. For a complete list of the top models we have tested and recommend, regardless of their current stock situation (and including GPUs from AMD), see our best gaming laptops page. Note that stocks, prices and ship times change rapidly so we can't guarantee that something we've listed here will be in stock by the time you read this or that it will be exactly the price we saw it at. However, we will be updating this article on a regular basis. There are options with both Intel's Core processors and AMD's Ryzen chips, so no matter which processor you prefer, there are options that are currently available. If you're partial to AMD and want its top-end graphics chip, the Radeon RX 6800M, you should check out the Asus ROG Strix G15 Advantage Edition. Alienware RTX 3080 Laptops Dell / Alienware offers RTX 3080 GPUs as an option on four different systems: the Alienware m15 R4 and the Alienware m17 R4, along with the Alienware X15 and Alienware X17. At press time, the m17 R4 was not available on Dell.com with the RTX 3080 option though it has offered it in the past, which is a shame because that model has a speedy 150-watt TGP (total graphics power) for its 3080. All models on Dell.com appear to be in stock with ship dates of about a

As someone who's only played one game of Warhammer 40,000 in my life, but watched several dozen more from the sidelines, a bit of gorgeously modeled and painted terrain is just as compelling as a horde of tyranid or ork figures. One huge Warhammer fan has taken his love of the original Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War real-time strategy game to the next level, taking terrain models from the game and 3D printing them for his own tabletop battles. Jay from Eons of Battle shared details of how he built his Dawn of War terrain on YouTube. He started out by taking his two favorite building types from the videogame, the tall plasma generator and the wide stronghold, and making cardboard mockups to help establish scale. As an amateur voxel artist, I sympathize with how much trouble scale calculations are, to say nothing of having to adhere to Warhammer rules. Jay was forced to pretty much throw out most of his calculations since the videogame works on a different scale than the tabletop version, where height, width, and length can make or break plenty of terrain-focused strategies. Using 3D modelings software like Vectorworks and Blender, and later a 3D printer, Jay was able to not just model the Dawn of War terrain, but also add plenty of artificial damage to each surface, further selling his idea that his fictional battlefield had seen generations of warfare between the Imperium of Man and the orks. As you'd expect of professional Warhammer 40,000 painters, Jay committed roughly 25 hours towards painting and further detailing each piece of terrain. Dawn of War's plasma generators each got a healthy blue glow thanks to some interior spray paint, and even the exterior lights on the stronghold got a dash of putrid green spray to look like they're illuminated.