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An experimental vaccine against Ebola has confirmed its high degree of protection in a large clinical trial in Guinea, according to the results published in the medical journal The Lancet. The vaccine is the first to prevent infection caused by one of the most lethal pathogens known. This finding confirms the good results of the initial trials of 2015. The drug, called rVSV-ZEBOV, was evaluated in a trial of 11,841 people in Guinea in 2015. Of the 5,837 participants who received the vaccine, there were no cases of Ebola ten days or more after vaccination. However, in that period there were 23 cases among those who did not receive it. The trial was led by the World Health Organization, together with the Ministry of Health of Guinea, Médecins Sans Frontières and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, in collaboration with other international partners. "Although these results come too late for those who lost their lives during the West African Ebola epidemic, we now know that we will not be defenseless at the next outbreak," said Marie-Paule Kieny, WHO deputy director general for health systems And Innovation and lead author of the study. This year, the vaccine maker, Merck, was given the necessary permits to conduct a faster review of the drug by US and FDA drug regulatory agencies (EMA). Since the Ebola virus was first identified in 1976, there have been several sporadic outbreaks in Africa. The epidemic in West Africa from 2013 to 2016, which resulted in more than 11,300 deaths, highlighted the need for a vaccine. The trial was carried out in the coastal region of Guinea, which was still experiencing new cases of Ebola when the trial began in 2015. Its innovative design is based on the same one that succeeded in eradicating smallpox: the ring vaccination method. Each time a new case of Ebola was diagnosed, the research team tracked all people who may have been in contact with the patient in the previous three weeks. We identified 117 groups or rings, each consisting of an average of 80 people. During a first phase, the rings were randomly assigned to receive the vaccine immediately or after three weeks, and were only offered to those over 18 years of age. After posting interim results showing efficacy, all groups were immediately administered and the trial was opened to children over six years of age. In addition to testing for high efficacy among the vaccinated, the trial also showed that unvaccinated individuals within the rings were indirectly protected against the virus through group immunity. However, the authors caution that the trial was not designed to measure this effect, so more research will be needed.

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High alcohol use during adolescence alters brain development, according to a recent study by the University of Eastern Finland and the University Hospital of Kuopio in Finland. In the research, cortical thinning was observed in young people who had drunk heavily during their adolescence. The study used magnetic resonance imaging to examine the brain structure of young and healthy adults of two types. Those of the first type consumed a lot of alcohol and had also done so during adolescence. Those of the second type were of the same age group as the first, but, unlike these, they drank very little alcohol. The members of each group were analyzed three times over a period of ten years, in 2005, in 2010 and in 2015. Participants were 13 to 18 years old when the research began. All study subjects were academically well-prepared, and the incidence of mental health problems did not differ between the two groups. Although participants who drank a lot had regularly consumed alcohol for 10 years, approximately 6 to 9 units once a week, none of them had been diagnosed with a substance related disorder. One unit of alcohol is the amount of pure alcohol present, for example, in a glass of wine or a typical beer cane. High alcohol use in adolescence alters brain development. The maturation of the brain is still under way in adolescence, especially in the case of the frontal regions and the cingulate cortex, with a development that lasts until the twenties. The discovery by the team of Noora Heikkinen indicates quite clearly that a high consumption of alcohol could alter this process of maturation.

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Alex, a 39-year-old transsexual man, has regained his temper after six years. "It is something that you thought you had taken out of the way" in the process of being, in all aspects, a man, even if born with female genitalia, he explains. It is a "moral, psychological damage," insists who has already achieved "invisibility" at work, a goal of many transsexual people who want to be a man or a woman more in all environments. The cause of this change is the shortage of a drug, an injectable testosterone preparation, commercially labeled Testex prolongatum. The laboratory manufacturer, Desma, and the Spanish Medicines Agency warn that the problem will be solved in mid-January.

"He is the worst enemy of our smile: silent, invisible, stalks us day and night. We do not see the attack and yet, every morning when we wake our tooth disappears a little more, "says the odontologist Debora Vilaboa. It's the terrifying script of what dental wear is doing right now in your mouth. Stress has a lot to do: besides fatigue, headache, gastric discomfort, muscle tension ... causes bruxism and changes in the pH of the mouth, which, as a minor illness, cause your teeth to change color. Let's see what it is, how to prevent it and what treatments correct its consequences.

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The CCR5-Delta32 mutation is a rare alteration in some blood cells that affects approximately 1% of the European po[CENSORED]tion. It is known that people who present it are naturally resistant to HIV, since it prevents the virus from penetrating its target cells, CD4 T lymphocytes. Now, an academy-company consortium made up of four Spanish entities starts a project financed with about one million euros (942,000 euros) for the Challenge-Collaboration call of the State Program for Research, Development and Innovation Oriented to the Challenges of the Society. The project aims to develop a gene therapy that allows reproducing this mutation in the cells of people infected by HIV and thus get cured of the infection.