Mr.Sebastian

ABS is a vital part of any new car's safety equipment, and is an effective boost for braking. Here's everything you need to know... One of the most important developments in new car safety was the introduction of the anti-lock brake system, otherwise known as ABS. In simple terms, ABS uses electronics to detect and prevent wheel lock up. This helps a driver maintain control of a vehicle when braking in low grip situations, because a car's steering will still work when ABS is engaged. ABS gradually appeared as a safety feature on new cars from the 1970s onwards, while EU law has made it compulsory fitment on all cars built since 2004. • What is Euro NCAP? Most people are aware that their car is fitted with ABS, but far fewer know what it does and how it works. The basic principle is that sensors fitted to a car's wheels determine if one is on the verge of locking up under braking. If a wheel does lock, then hydraulic valves release to reduce braking pressure ever so slightly to prevent this happening. In many ways the electronics are performing cadence braking - where the driver pumps the brake pedal to prevent wheel lock. This allows the driver to maintain steering control, which is lost when the wheels are locked. ABS history While the concept of non-locking brakes has been around for a number of years, the first truly effective anti-lock braking systems have been around since the 1950s, when British firm Dunlop first developed its Maxaret system for use in aviation. This hydraulic system improved aircraft stopping distances when landing, as it all but eliminated the risk of wheels locking, even on ice, and it dramatically reduced flat spotting and tyre blow outs, too. It didn't take long for vehicle engineers to realise that the system could also be beneficial on cars. The first road car to feature ABS was the 1966 Jensen FF. The FF was the first production sports car to feature four-wheel drive, and it also used the Maxaret anti-lock system to improve stopping distances. However, the hydraulic system wasn't really suited to vehicle use, while the FF was too cumbersome and expensive to be a sales success. • What is ESP stability control? Used SEAT Leon Mk2 - ABS With the introduction of better electronics in the 1970s and 1980s, ABS was refined by firms such as Chrysler, General Motors and Bosch, while the 1985 Ford Scorpio was the first car to feature ABS across the range as standard. • Safest cars on sale Since then, firms have developed ABS for motorcycles, while EU legislation implemented in 2004 means that every new car sold in Europe must have ABS as standard. How do ABS brakes work? ABS is an electronic brake control system that works in principle like cadence braking, only it's much more effective. This advanced driving technique is useful on non-ABS equipped cars, as the driver pumps the brake pedal to regain steering control while also providing maximum braking. The ABS system uses sensors to detect when one wheel is rotating at a different rate to the others. If the sensor registers that a wheel is turning more slowly under braking, then that's a sign the wheel is locking or about to lock. The electronics then reduce brake pressure by activating a relief valve, until it's equal with the other wheels. ABS braking and steering If the wheel begins to lock again, the process is repeated, in the same way as pumping the brake pedal, although the electronics are sensitive enough that this can be repeated many times per second, whereas cadence braking by a driver can only really be repeated once or twice a second. You can tell if your car's ABS system is working if you brake heavily and feel the brake pedal judder under your right foot. Modern ABS systems use a four-channel controller module that features individual sensors and relief valves on all four wheels - older variations that feature one, two or three channels would have sensors across a front or rear axle, depending on the layout of the vehicle. • What is AEB? ABS benefits The improved braking provided by ABS is beyond doubt. Tests have shown that a car fitted with ABS braking on tarmac will stop in a far shorter distance than an identical non-ABS car, even if that car is being driven by somebody who is experienced in cadence braking. The other benefit of ABS is that the car's steering will still work while using maximum brake pressure. In a car with locked wheels, the forward motion of the car will overcome the grip of the tyres and any steering lock that has been applied. But as the ABS-equipped car's wheels will still be rotating, the car will follow the direction of the steered wheels. ABS problems If you drive on loose surfaces, ABS can interfere with how easily you can stop your car. On loose dirt, mud or snow, or any low-grip surfaces, the anti-locking function can become confused, and the constant releasing that the electronics engage in can in fact extend stopping distances. • How to use ABS brakes On loose surfaces, a locked wheel is more effective at stopping because it 'digs in' to help bring a car to a stop. That's why many off-roaders feature a special off-road mode, which reduces the effectiveness of the ABS or turns it off completely to boost low-speed grip. If your car's ABS system is faulty, it will flash up an orange warning light on the dashboard. Common problems with ABS include damaged sensors and blocked release valves, although on the whole most cars with ABS will be reliable. If you do have ABS problems, then for the sake of safety, it's best to get your car checked by a garage or mechanic to get it fixed or repaired.

A new study has now revealed that children are at the risk of becoming short-sighted unless they spend two hours daily outside and abstain from prolonged interaction with screens and homework books. According to researchers, the new epidemic of myopia in youngsters is because of the amount of time they spend glued to television screens, computers and even books, reported Daily Mail. Scientists have also said that there will be a rise in the number of people who have chances of becoming blind in later life because that have developed short-sightedness at a young age and have an increased risk of eye problem when they get older. The study further sees some experts saying that the condition should be renamed 'school myopia' because the increase in number of cases is so sharp. According to the study, conducted by Dr Clare Quigley, an opthalmologist at Galway University Hospital, involving the lifestyles and health of 8,568 nine-year-olds, a strong connection emerged between the condition of eye problem with a sedentary lifestyle. Speaking to the Sunday Times, Dr Quigley said that the factors that appear consistently in development of myopia are education and the amount of time spent indoors. While myopia has for the longest time been seen as a generic condition, new research has confirmed that 'nearwork', which includes activities done at short working distance -- such as reading, studying (doing homework, writing) and working on the computer -- can damage children's eyesight. Furthermore, a research paper from the International Myopia Institute found that the odds of myopia increased by 2 percent for every additional hour of nearwork. Notably, myopia or near-sightedness is an eye disorder where the light focuses in front of the retina rather than on it. This causes objects that are at a distance to appear blurry while close objects appear normal. According to experts, nearly 50 percent of people will have myopia by 2050.

Israel's long-standing Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said he cannot form a government, handing the opportunity to his political rival. Mr Netanyahu has been in power for the past decade but was unable to secure a majority after September's elections failed to produce a clear winner. His rival Benny Gantz of the Blue and White party will now be invited to attempt to form a government. Mr Netanyahu's attempts to bring Mr Gantz's party into government failed. Announcing the decision to abandon his efforts, Mr Netanyahu said he had tried repeatedly to form a coalition government but had been rebuffed. Israeli elections: What do the results reveal? Benjamin Netanyahu: Commando turned PM The ex-military chief trying to unseat Netanyahu Israel's president, Reuven Rivlin, said he would give Mr Gantz 28 days to carry out the same negotiations. Israeli Arab lawmakers pledged their backing, but Mr Gantz - who leads a right-of-centre alliance- remained more than a dozen seats short of the necessary 61 seat majority. President Rivlin said he would try to avoid calling another election in a country which had already voted in two this year. If Mr Gantz also fails, the parliament could put forward a third candidate in a final bid to avoid another poll. September's poll saw Mr Netanyahu's Likud party win 32 seats and Mr Gantz's Blue and White party 33. President Rivlin initially selected Mr Netanyahu, the incumbent, as the candidate with the best chance of successfully forming a coalition. Reacting to Mr Netanyahu's message, Blue and White said: "The time for spin is over and it's now time for action". Israel's president has suggested a so-called unity coalition of the two main parties. That arrangement could see Mr Gantz as de facto prime minister, while Mr Netanyahu holds onto the position in name only. Mr Gantz is a former head of the Israeli military, and served in that role while Mr Netanyahu was prime minster. He was propelled to political leadership after forming his party in February, saying that the country had "lost its way". Mr Netanyahu has far more frontline political experience, but is facing his own battle over corruption. While trying to negotiate his coalition in October, he also attended hearings with the attorney general, who will decide whether or not to charge Mr Netanyahu in indictments for bribery, fraud, and breach of trust.

Scott Gray had made a cup of tea at home and left it on the side while playing with his sons, four-year-old Archie and two-year-old Freddie. Moments later, Archie had knocked the tea off the side and on to himself. Scott said: "I pulled his trousers and his skin came off too. It was horrendous. It happened so fast. It was only on him for one or two seconds." Each year hundreds of UK toddlers, like Archie, end up in hospital with severe but avoidable coffee and tea scalds. But thanks to Scott's quick thinking and action - plunging Archie's legs into cold running water in the bath and keeping him there while the ambulance arrived - Archie's thigh burns could be treated without a skin graft and he's been left with no scars, say surgeons. Almost half of child admissions to specialised burn NHS services in the past five years in England and Wales, some 17,052, involved children who had been scalded by hot food or liquid spillages. More than 3,100 of these burns to children involved spillages from hot food or drink, and more than half of these involved children aged two or younger. Plastic surgeons from the Royal College of Surgeons of England and the British Burn Association say the way a burn is treated in the first few seconds and minutes is crucial to a child's recovery. Scott acted immediately and removed Archie's clothing and put him under running cold water. How to treat a scald 1/ Cool the burn with running cold tap water for 20 minutes... & remove clothing & jewellery if not stuck/melted to wound 2/ Call for help for any burn larger than a 50p coinDial 999 ... ...or 111 (non-emergency), or your GP for advice 3/ Cover wound with cling film, non-fluffy dressing or cloth 4/ Make sure the patient is kept warm Scott said: "I've done first aid training, but nothing specifically related to burns, I just used my head and thought that if cold water works for a burnt finger or hand, then it must work for legs also - at the time I didn't know for sure I was taking the right action." Archie, who lives with his family in Berkshire, was treated at the specialist burns unit at Stoke Mandeville Hospital. His doctor, Mike Tyler, whom Archie and his dad affectionately call Batman because he is their "superhero", said: "This is exactly the type of injury where good first aid with cooling can make a real difference to the outcome. Archie had scalded 5% of his body surface area and typically children with this size of burn may well require a skin grafting operation to the worst-affected areas and some form of lifelong scarring is common. I prepared Archie's parents for this." But Archie's legs healed well and he was discharged without any scars. "I am convinced that Scott's actions saved Archie from either an operation or a prolonged period of dressings and prevented him from having scarred legs. We regularly see children with such injuries, yet many people don't understand the benefits of cooling the burn straightaway. I'm extremely keen to get the message out that placing the skin in cold water for 20 minutes can have a dramatic impact on the outcome of the injury," he said. Scott said: "It was an accident but I blamed myself for a long time because it happened under my care. But I can take a little bit of happiness knowing that the first aid that I carried out made a difference." To prevent burns from happening in the home, the British Burn Association advises the public: DO Run COLD water first in the bath or sink before adding hot water - test the temperature Keep saucepans at the back of the stove NOT near the front - turn handles to the back Keep hot drinks out of a child's reach DON'T Drink hot drinks while nursing a baby or child Put a baby or child into a bath or sink until the water has been tested Warm baby bottles in microwaves Leave children unattended in the kitchen

The government insists it has complied with the requirements of the Benn Act. What is the Withdrawal Agreement Bill? The UK needs to pass a law to implement the withdrawal agreement - the part of the PM's Brexit deal which will take the country out of the EU - in UK law. It has to secure the backing of a majority of MPs and peers, and a vote for the Brexit deal itself is no guarantee of a vote for the legislation required to implement it. The government says it will push ahead with efforts to pass its Brexit deal, despite a major setback to its plans. Boris Johnson had to ask the EU for an extension to the UK's 31 October exit date after MPs backed a move to delay approval of the deal on Saturday. But Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab said he was confident enough MPs would back the deal next week, and Brexit would still happen by the deadline. Labour, however, has said it will back moves to put the deal to a referendum. No 10 said the PM sent "Parliament's letter" to Brussels - unsigned - and accompanied it with a second letter - which was signed - explaining why he believed a delay would be a mistake. The government has vowed to press ahead with the legislation - the Withdrawal Agreement Bill (WAB) - to implement the Brexit deal next week. Why has the PM asked for another extension? Having reached a new Brexit deal with the EU last week, the prime minster had intended to bring it to Parliament and ask MPs to approve it in a so-called "meaningful vote". However, in the first Saturday sitting in the Commons for 37 years, MPs instead voted in favour of an amendment withholding approval of the deal until all the necessary legislation to implement it had been passed. Tabled by Tory MP Sir Oliver Letwin, the amendment was intended to ensure that Mr Johnson would comply with the terms of the so-called Benn Act designed to eliminate any possibility of a no-deal exit on 31 October. Under that act, Mr Johnson had until 23:00 BST on Saturday to send a letter requesting a delay to the UK's departure - something he did, albeit without his signature. What about the EU? EU Council President Donald Tusk has acknowledged receipt of the UK's extension request and said he would consult EU leaders "on how to react". Ambassadors from the 27 EU nations met for about 15 minutes in Brussels on Sunday morning and continued the legal process of ratifying the Brexit deal on the EU side. EU papers' anguish at UK Brexit drama Adler: Reluctant EU considers delay request The EU's Chief negotiator, Michel Barnier, told diplomats the passage of the Letwin amendment did not mean that the deal had been rejected. Media captionSir Oliver Letwin: Brexit deal "is not perfect but it will do" Mr Letwin himself told the Andrew Marr on Sunday his amendment was "an insurance policy" and now it had passed, he would give his full support to the prime minister's deal. All 27 EU nations must agree to any extension to Brexit, and French President Emmanuel Macron has already signalled he believed a new Brexit extension was not good for anyone. However, Katya Adler said if the alternative was a no-deal Brexit, the EU was unlikely to refuse - although it would want to know what any extension was for - a general election, another referendum, or merely a bit more time needed to pass Brexit-related legislation? Could this all end up in court? Just weeks after the Supreme Court ruled Mr Johnson's prorogation of Parliament was unlawful, some suggest his attempts to undermine the Benn Act with a second letter could see him back there again. Shadow chancellor John McDonnell suggested the PM could be "in contempt of Parliament or the courts". That was echoed by SNP Westminster leader Ian Blackford, although he refused to be drawn on any court action this week. Scotland highest court, the Court of Session, is due to meet on Monday to consider the matter. It was asked earlier this month to sign a letter fulfilling the terms of the Benn Act on the prime minister's behalf if he failed to do so, but judges delayed giving a ruling to allow the political debate to play out. The SNP's Joanna Cherry pointed out that the government gave an undertaking to the court not to frustrate the act, but she said "now arguably that is what he has done". The government insists it has complied with the requirements of the Benn Act. What is the Withdrawal Agreement Bill? The UK needs to pass a law to implement the withdrawal agreement - the part of the PM's Brexit deal which will take the country out of the EU - in UK law. It has to secure the backing of a majority of MPs and peers, and a vote for the Brexit deal itself is no guarantee of a vote for the legislation required to implement it. The bill gives legal effect to any agreed transition period and fulfils requirements on the rights of EU citizens in the UK after Brexit. It will also allow ministers to make "divorce payments" to the EU foreseen under the current deal. MPs will be able to vote on amendments - changes or add-ons - to the bill, for instance sti[CENSORED]ting Parliament's role in the future relationship negotiation, or for the deal to be put to a referendum. If the government cannot get the WAB through Parliament the default legal position is that the UK cannot ratify the deal, and so would leave on 31 October without a deal. However, that is dependent on no extension beyond that date having been already agreed with the EU. The bill gives legal effect to any agreed transition period and fulfils requirements on the rights of EU citizens in the UK after Brexit. It will also allow ministers to make "divorce payments" to the EU foreseen under the current deal. MPs will be able to vote on amendments - changes or add-ons - to the bill, for instance sti[CENSORED]ting Parliament's role in the future relationship negotiation, or for the deal to be put to a referendum. If the government cannot get the WAB through Parliament the default legal position is that the UK cannot ratify the deal, and so would leave on 31 October without a deal. However, that is dependent on no extension beyond that date having been already agreed with the EU.

A two-tier road system would separate the rich and poor motorists forever if we aren't careful, says Mike Rutherford Britain's ruling Conservative Party spoke enthusiastically about raising the speed limit to 80mph in recent days. I wonder why. It’s not as if the typical motorist (or the kids that travel on his or her passenger seats) is, in the current climate, demanding from politicians the right to drive or ride at greater speeds across our troubled motorway network, where 70mph, if you can do it, is plenty in view of the sheer density of traffic. Come to think of it, I know of no motoring or non-motoring individuals, pressure groups or companies who are seriously advocating increased limits in an era when the number of vehicles per usable mile of UK highway is among the highest in the western world. But to put this ‘maybe we’ll raise it to 80mph’ suggestion from Transport Secretary Grant Shapps into context, it’s hardly new. Conservative and Labour Governments have occasionally flirted with the idea, usually in cheap, cynical attempts to deflect attention away from more pressing matters. This time around, the Conservative cry for 80mph is nothing to do with allowing motorists to travel faster. Instead, it’s about preparations for a two-tier road system that, if we’re not careful, will rapidly and rudely be dumped upon us from a great height. This is a natural extension of the road-pricing ideas recently proposed by the Transport Committee. Tier 1 will comprise a miserable, desperately slow network catering for cash-strapped drivers who are unable to pay exorbitant toll fees. Tier 2 is likely to be happier and quicker – this is where the proposed 80mph limit kicks in – and will serve wealthy drivers who’ll pay a very high price for a cocktail of eye-wateringly expensive road-toll fees-cum-fines – either out of their own pocket, via their expense accounts or, in the case of national and local politicians, thanks to income tax and/or council tax-payers who’ll be forced to pick up the tab. For decades, close neighbours such as France and Spain have subjected motorists to the unpalatable ‘choice’ between roads that are slow/non-toll/traffic-choked, or fast/tolled/free-flowing. And for their governments and high-income car users, this works just fine. Trouble is, for the low-to-mid-income motoring masses, it’s a daily headache that wastes years of people’s lives due to needlessly long journey times, plus unnecessary wear and tear on their vehicles, which are forced to stop and start every few minutes or seconds. It’s crazy that England may adopt this European model, thereby creating one road network for the rich and another for the poor. And it’s ironic that it could be adopted when we’re supposed to be departing the EU, which has long championed tolling systems. In the UK at least, driving shouldn’t be about one free-flowing road network for the elite, then a separate series of clogged rat runs for minimum-wage workers – never mind pensioners struggling to make ends meet while proudly trying to maintain their independence. That just wouldn’t be the motoring democracy and freedom the vast majority of Brits surely have a right to – whether wealthy, skint, or somewhere between.

Fifteen had had no reported asthma, 21 had asthma but died of other causes and 16 died of the condition. The scientists used dyes to carry out detailed analyses of almost 1,400 airways from the lung samples under the microscope. The researchers found adipose (fatty) tissue in the walls of airways, with more present in people with a higher body mass index, And they say the increase in fat appears to alter the normal structure of the airways and cause inflammation in the lungs - which could explain the increased risk of asthma in overweight or obese people. Increased risk In the study, published in the European Respiratory Journal, scientists looked at post-mortem samples of lung donated for research. Fifteen had had no reported asthma, 21 had asthma but died of other causes and 16 died of the condition. The scientists used dyes to carry out detailed analyses of almost 1,400 airways from the lung samples under the microscope. The researchers found adipose (fatty) tissue in the walls of airways, with more present in people with a higher body mass index, And they say the increase in fat appears to alter the normal structure of the airways and cause inflammation in the lungs - which could explain the increased risk of asthma in overweight or obese people. Direct pressure Dr Peter Noble, an associate professor at the University of Western Australia, in Perth who worked on the study, said: "Being overweight or obese has already been linked to having asthma or having worse asthma symptoms. "Researchers have suggested that the link might be explained by the direct pressure of excess weight on the lungs or by a general increase in inflammation created by excess weight." But, he said, their study suggested "another mechanism is also at play". "We've found that excess fat accumulates in the airway walls, where it takes up space and seems to increase inflammation within the lungs," Dr Noble said. "We think this is causing a thickening of the airways that limits the flow of air in and out of the lungs and that could at least partly explain an increase in asthma symptoms." 'Major importance' Prof Thierry Troosters, president of the European Respiratory Society, said: "This is an important finding on the relationship between body weight and respiratory disease because it shows how being overweight or obese might be making symptoms worse for people with asthma. "This goes beyond the simple observation that patients with obesity need to breathe more with activity and exercise. "The observation points at true airway changes that are associated with obesity." He said more research was needed to find out if this build-up of fatty tissue could be reversed through weight loss but asthma patients should be helped to achieve a healthy weight. Dr Elizabeth Sapey, chair of the science committee at the British Thoracic Society, said this was the first time body weight had been shown to impact the structure of the airways in the lungs. "Given the increasing incidence of obesity nationally and across the globe, the study could be of major importance in helping us understand why asthma remains a major health issue and identify new ways to improve asthma treatment," she said. "It is only a small study though, and we need to assess this in larger groups of patients and in other lung diseases," Dr Sapey added.

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Brexit deal has been agreed by the UK and EU, but what does it all mean? We answer a sample of the questions we have received from readers. If Parliament rejects the deal, does Boris Johnson have to apply for an extension? - Freddie Moore, London Under law, yes he does. The Benn Act, passed by MPs last month, says that Mr Johnson would be required to request a three-month Brexit delay - unless he can pass a deal, or get MPs to approve a no-deal exit by 19 October. That's Saturday. Parliament will be sitting that day, which is when MPs are likely to hold a vote on Mr Johnson's new deal. Does the UK still have to pay £39bn? - Richard Smith, Southampton The UK will still pay a "divorce bill" under Mr Johnson's deal. However, because the UK has had an extended stay in the EU, the actual bill would now be about £33bn. The new proposals are much the same as Theresa May's deal. The main difference is on the crucial issue of the Irish border and whether the UK will leave the customs union entirely after the transition period. Withdrawal agreement No deal Customs plan Consent mechanism Benn Act Irish border How will travelling to the UK after Brexit be affected? - Homey_kitchen The UK does not plan to introduce visas for tourists from the EU. So, for short-term trips, things should be more or less the same. Will holidays get more expensive after Brexit? - charltonannabel Since the UK voted to leave the EU, the value of the pound has fallen. This is despite a small rise after the deal was announced. This is because of all the uncertainty around what Brexit might look like. It's hard to predict how the value of the pound will change. One common suggestion to get the most out of your holiday money is to change half a few weeks before, and the other half a couple of days before, to hedge your bets. Why does Jeremy Corbyn think it is worse than the original deal? - Jane Francis, Yateley The Labour leader said the deal is worse than Mrs May's because the proposals "risk triggering a race to the bottom on rights and protections". He said the deal would be "putting food safety at risk, cutting environmental standards and workers' rights, and opening up our NHS to a takeover by US private corporations". Mr Corbyn said the deal should be rejected. Can a Brexit deal be legally implemented without Commons approval? - Henryadam_ No, not as the law currently stands. The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 says that in order to make a withdrawal agreement valid, it has to be approved by Parliament. All I hear is 'Northern Ireland'. How does this deal impact the rest of the UK? - Simon, Waddington You are hearing about Northern Ireland because the removal of the old backstop is probably the biggest single change. Other parts of the withdrawal agreement, such as the transition period, citizens' rights, and the money the UK has to pay, will stay the same. The UK will still follow EU rules and regulations until the end of 2020. But under the new deal the whole of the UK will definitely leave the EU customs union at that point. The UK will also leave the single market, but Northern Ireland will continue to follow all its regulations for agrifood and industrial goods. There have also been changes to the political declaration which sets out plans for the long-term relationship between the UK and the EU. It says the future relationship will be based on a Free Trade Agreement, but there's no guarantee one can be agreed by the end of 2020. What does this deal mean for UK nationals living outside the UK? - Zoe Howard, Netherlands Mr Johnson's deal mainly focuses on solving the problem of the Irish border. When it comes to citizens' rights, he has kept the agreements made by Mrs May. UK nationals living legally in an EU country at the end of the transition period on 31 December 2020 will be able to stay and enjoy the same rights. Anyone arriving after that will be subject to each country's immigration rules. Up until the end of transition, UK nationals will still be able to move freely to the EU. Under this deal, will there be a hard border in Ireland? - William Methven, Fermanagh No, there would not be a hard border as long as the provisions of the deal stay in place. Under the deal there would be no customs checks or regulatory checks on goods going between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. The solution - in this deal - is to effectively have the customs and regulatory border between Northern Ireland and the rest of the UK (you will hear people talk about "a border in the Irish Sea"). The EU has said - in practice - this will mean all checks on goods will be done by UK officials "at points of entry" in Northern Ireland. The Northern Ireland Assembly would get a chance to vote on these arrangements four years after the end of the transition period (which finishes at the end of 2020 but could be extended by a year or two years). And even if they were voted down - which is considered unlikely - there would then be a two-year cooling off period for other arrangements to be made to try to avoid a hard border. Does this deal allow the UK to trade independently with the rest of the world? - Kelly Osadolor, Swindon Yes, the UK would leave the EU's customs union, through which matters of trade are negotiated for all of its members as a bloc. That means the whole of the UK will be able to strike its own trade deals with non-EU countries as well as with the EU - although this could take some time. What is in the new Brexit deal? What are the backstop options? How long is the deal expected to last for? - Brian Pederson, Oxford The deal states that at the end of the transition period is in December 2020, while the rest of the UK will leave all of the EU's institutions, Northern Ireland will have to keep to some of the EU's rules. In some cases it will have to charge EU taxes on certain types of goods. This situation will continue until a new agreement on the future relationship is reached, or Northern Ireland votes down the deal. Its government will have the opportunity to vote on the provisions of this deal after four years, and then at least every eight years after that.

Chinese diplomats in the US will have to notify American authorities before holding any meetings with US officials. Official visits to "educational and research institutions", such as schools and universities, must also be pre-registered, the state department said. China said the US was breaking international rules - but the US said American diplomats in China faced similar restrictions. The move comes amid heightened tensions between both countries. What did the US say? The rules would apply to "official meetings with [US] state officials, official meetings with local and municipal officials, official visits to educational institutions, and official visits to research institutions", the state department said. An official said the US was merely "levelling the playing field" with China, and that it was a response to Chinese restrictions on American diplomats. "In China, US diplomats do not have unfettered access to a range of folks that are important for us to do our job here. "In contrast, [Chinese] diplomats in the US are of course, able to take full advantage of our open society," said a senior state department official. US officials said Chinese diplomats did not need permission for the meetings, but were required to notify the state department in advance. The eventual goal, said the official, would be for "these requirements and the requirements on US diplomats in China [to] both be disbanded." How did China respond? In a statement on Thursday, the Chinese Embassy in US called the new rules a "violation of the Vienna Convention". "The Chinese side does not have similar requirements on American diplomats and consular officers in China," it insisted. It added: "As for reciprocity, the US has a far greater number of diplomatic personnel in China than China has in the US." What is the Vienna Convention? The Vienna Convention is an agreement that outlines the rules of diplomatic relations. Under this convention, diplomats are "ensured" freedom of movement and travel in their host countries. The convention also says the receiving state "shall not discriminate as between states". What is the background to this? The two countries have been fighting a trade war, imposing tariffs on billions' worth of each other's goods over the past year. However, the state department official said the new ruling was "not directly linked" to the trade war with China. US President Donald Trump has long accused China of unfair trading practices and intellectual property theft. While in China, there is a perception that the US is trying to curb its rise.

Quite a few Indian celebrities got hitched last year. With a minimum of two receptions each, not only guests but media were also exhausted as celebrities upon celebrities walked out donning their best suits and designer wears to congratulate the newlyweds on their new journey. International diva Priyanka Chopra married her singer boyfriend Nick Jonas last year. Reel life Ram and Leela (Ranveer and Deepika) also tied the knot around the same time. Comedian Kapil Sharma married Ginni Chatrath soon after. This year, former Bengali actor and now a Member of Parliament Nusrat Jahan married soon after winning the 2019 general elections. Pooja Batra also married Nawab Shah this year. So keeping the fact that these newlyweds haven’t celebrated any Karva Chauth yet, this year maybe their first one. Deepika Padukone and Ranveer Singh These two got married in the picturesque location of Lake Como on November 14, 2018. It was a private affair with just family and very close friends. In fact, they tried to keep it such a private affair that apparently; none of the guests were allowed to use their phones. They tied the knot as per Sindhi and Konkani traditions. This makes it Deepika and Ranveer's first Karva Chauth after their wedding! Priyanka Chopra and Nick Jonas Desi Girl brought in a videshi jiju and the whole wedding was a sight to be cherished. Priyanka and Nick got married in both Hindu and Christian traditions and both the events were utterly beautiful. They got hitched on December 1. Nick is known to be fond of Indian culture and it would be interesting to know his thoughts about the Karva Chauth ritual. Ginni Chatrath and Kapil Sharma Kapil had told the media that Ginni is his “support system” and the two got married at The Grand Cabbana Resort on the Jalandhar - Phagwara Highway on December 12, 2018. It was a big fat Punjabi affair with the presence of family members and close friends. Ginni is now heavily pregnant with their first child. So fasting in this situation will obviously not be healthy. Let’s see if Kapil reverses the game and fasts for his wife and child. Nusrat Jahan and Nikhil Jain Just a couple of days after the results for 2019 general elections were announced, winner from Basirhat constituency Nusrat Jahan married her businessman boyfriend Nikhil Jain. Despite coming from a Bengali Muslim family, Nusrat has been very secular in her views. She visited the Parliament for her oath taking ceremony, soon after her wedding and the heavy vermillion and red bangles were hard to miss. She even danced to the dhak and participated in Sindoor Khela during Durga Puja this year. It’ll be interesting to see if the first time MP fasts on Karva Chauth or not. Pooja Batra and Nawab Shah Pooja Batra and Nawab Shah took everyone by surprise when the news of their wedding surfaced. They had been dating since the beginning of this year and quickly decided to take the plunge. Their social media photos are too hot to handle. And while keeping in mind that both are big time fitness freaks, so fasting shouldn’t be that tough for him, right?

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Rep. Peter DeFazio wants answers about Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao’s possible bias toward Kentucky — her powerful husband’s home state. DeFazio, who chairs the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, wrote a letter to the Department of Transportation’s inspector general demanding an inquiry into her conduct. “I would expect Secretary Chao to meet with individuals from her home state more regularly than other states, but the sheer volume … is troubling,” Defazio told Politico on Tuesday. DeFazio also noted that the Twitter account for McConnell’s 2020 reelection campaign publicized the initial Politico story on alleged Kentucky favoritism, pointing to it as an explicit benefit of his Senate berth. DeFazio, first elected in 1986 in a district that now leans just barely Democratic, is a member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus. He is a co-sponsor of House Democrats’ single-payer health care legislation and has been especially outspoken in favor of liberal priorities like a financial transactions tax. But HuffPost reported on Friday that Doyle Canning, a community organizer who has launched a primary challenge to DeFazio from the left, has made DeFazio’s allegedly light oversight of the Trump administration a central part of her case against the veteran congressman. Canning declined to take credit for DeFazio’s decision to press for an inspector general’s probe into Chao, pointing instead to the pressure of district-based progressive activists with whom she is aligned. “The movement is getting stronger by the day,” she said. She also was less than impressed with DeFazio’s letter, calling it “an example of not using the full powers vested in the United States Congress by the constitution to perform oversight.” Those who agree with Canning’s critique of DeFazio’s record as a committee head ― including Jeff Hauser, executive director of the Washington-based, anti-corruption Revolving Door Project ― cite the slow pace of the panel’s investigation into Boeing for the sale of faulty jets that led to the crashes of two commercial airliners. The critics fault the committee for not relying on subpoenas to gather information. But DeFazio’s committee staff insists that relying on voluntary document disclosure from Boeing and the Federal Aviation Authority, which Chao oversees, rather than using subpoenas has actually allowed the panel to collect documents more rapidly. Hauser has also called for the committee to compel Chao herself to testify about the federal government’s role in the Boeing disaster, her alleged favoritism toward Kentucky and her apparent use of public appearances to promote her father’s shipping company. Hauser told HuffPost on Tuesday that DeFazio’s letter should be the start of even more aggressive measures against Chao. “Hopefully this letter is followed up quickly by subpoenas and a full-fledged aggressive approach to oversight, including making clear the committee’s interest in hearing from whistleblowers and willingness to protect them,” he said. “In terms of substance and politics, there is nothing to be lost and much to be gained by investigating Chao’s department vigorously.”

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Microplastics are found everywhere on Earth, yet we know surprisingly little about what risks they pose to living things. Scientists are now racing to investigate some of the big unanswered questions. Daniella Hodgson is digging a hole in the sand on a windswept beach as seabirds wheel overhead. "Found one," she cries, flinging down her spade. She opens her hand to reveal a wriggling lugworm. Plucked from its underground burrow, this humble creature is not unlike the proverbial canary in a coal mine. A sentinel for plastic, the worm will ingest any particles of plastic it comes across while swallowing sand, which can then pass up the food chain to birds and fish. "We want to see how much plastic the island is potentially getting on its shores - so what is in the sediments there - and what the animals are eating," says Ms Hodgson, a postgraduate researcher at Royal Holloway, University of London. "If you're exposed to more plastics are you going to be eating more plastics? What types of plastics, what shapes, colours, sizes? And then we can use that kind of information to inform experiments to look at the impacts of ingesting those plastics on different animals." They're absolutely everywhere," says Hodgson, who is investigating how plastic is making its way into marine ecosystems. "Microplastics can be found in the sea, in freshwater environments in rivers and lakes, in the atmosphere, in food." Multi-million-dollar question The island of Great Cumbrae off Scotland's Ayrshire coast is a favourite haunt of day trippers from nearby cities like Glasgow. A ferry ride away from the town of Largs, it's a retreat for cyclists and walkers, as well as scientists working at the marine station on the island. On a boat trip off the bay to see how plastic samples are collected from the waves, a dolphin joins us for a while and swims alongside. Even in this remote spot, plastic pollution is visible on the beach. Prof David Morritt who leads the Royal Holloway University research team points out blue twine and bits of plastic bottles that wash up with the seaweed at Kames Bay. Where it's coming from is the "multi-million-dollar question", he says, holding up a piece of blue string. "We've just been looking at some of the plastic washed up on the strand line here and you can tell fairly obviously it's fishing twine, or it's come from fishing nets. Sometimes it's much more difficult. By identifying the type of polymer, the type of plastic it is and then by matching that with the known uses of those polymers you can sometimes make an educated guess of where that plastic's likely to have come from." From the Great Pacific garbage patch to riverbeds and streams in the UK, microplastics are among the most widespread contaminants on the planet, turning up from the deepest parts of our oceans to the stomachs of whales and seabirds. The explosion in plastic use in recent decades is so great that microplastics are becoming a permanent part of the Earth's sedimentary rocks. While studying rock sediments off the Californian coast, Dr Jennifer Brandon discovered disturbing evidence of how our love of plastic is leaving an indelible mark on the planet. Microplastics found in 'pristine' wilderness Microplastics in 'every studied animal' Seven charts that explain the plastic pollution problem "I found this exponential increase in microplastics being left behind in our sediment record, and that exponential increase in microplastics almost perfectly mirrors the exponential increase in plastic production," she says. "The plastic we're using is getting out into the ocean and we're leaving it behind in our fossil record." Age of plastic The discovery suggests that after the bronze age and the iron age, we're now entering the age of plastic. "In decades from now, hundreds of years from now, plastic will be used most likely as the geological marker of what we've left behind," says Dr Brandon of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego. "We're basically littering the ocean with chemical-laced oil. That's not a recipe for a very healthy ocean." One big unknown is how microplastics might affect living beings. In August, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a report concluding that while particles in tap and bottled water do not pose an apparent health hazard, more research and evidence is needed. 'No apparent risk’ from microplastics in water Study into health risks of microplastics Age of plastic The discovery suggests that after the bronze age and the iron age, we're now entering the age of plastic. "In decades from now, hundreds of years from now, plastic will be used most likely as the geological marker of what we've left behind," says Dr Brandon of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego. "We're basically littering the ocean with chemical-laced oil. That's not a recipe for a very healthy ocean." One big unknown is how microplastics might affect living beings. In August, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a report concluding that while particles in tap and bottled water do not pose an apparent health hazard, more research and evidence is needed. 'No apparent risk’ from microplastics in water Study into health risks of microplastics Dr Brandon says we need to know the "plastic score" of the animals that are ending up on our dinner plates. "These microplastics are small enough to be eaten by plankton and by coral polyps and by filter-feeding mussels, but how are they bio-accumulating up the food chain?" she says. "By the time you get to a huge fish, is that fish eating plastic itself or is it eating thousands of little fish that are eating thousands of plankton, that are eating thousands of microplastics. "How high is the plastic signature in something like a tuna by the time it gets on your dinner plate? And that isn't always known." Scratching the surface A few weeks after the Scotland field trip, I visit the lab at Royal Holloway to see what's being found in the samples collected on the island. Water samples and sediments have been filtered to remove the plastic, which is examined under the microscope, together with plastic found in marine animals. Hodgson says plastic has been found in all the samples, including the animals, but especially in Kames Bay on the southern coast of the island Animals such as whales, dolphins and turtles are eating large plastic debris such as plastic bags, that can cause starvation, she says. But lots of little bits of data are showing more subtle effects from eating microplastics. "It may not be harming them such as killing them, but over time there might be cellular damage, it might be affecting their energy balance and how they can deal with that, so over long periods of time it might be causing nasty effects down the line," says Daniella Hodgson. The answers to some of these questions will become clear with further research. Others will take a long time to answer. "We know that there's a lot of microplastic and we keep finding it everywhere we look for it," says Dr Brandon. "But the implications of the health effects of it and how it really affects animals and humans, we're only just starting to scratch the surface.

Salut. Nu joaca cu 2 nume, primul e Sub-Zero. si e din Venezuela, celuilalt i-am spus sa-si schimbe numele ca altfel nu ii pun admin(el fiind din Guatemala) Topic closed.

Nushrat Bharucha is setting temperature soaring on social media with her stunning bikini clad pictures. The Bollywood actress is currently enjoying the sand and beach of Thailand with her best girl squad for her best friend's bachelorette party. In the pictures, Nushrat Bharucha, who is riding high on the success of her latest release Dream Girl, can be seen flaunting her toned body in a bikini as she enjoys a dreamy vacation in Thailand. In the pictures, the actress can be seen posing in a green and pink bikini. In some of her pictures, Nushrat Bharucha is seen posing in the bikini by the poolside. In some of her pictures, one can see Nushrat's thigh tattoo as well. On the films front, Nushrat Bharucha was last seen in Dream Girl alongside Ayushmann Khurrana. The movie has crossed the 100 crore mark. The actress will soon resume shooting for Turram Khan where she will share screen space with Rajkummar Rao. Both the actors have earlier worked together in 2010 release Love, Sex Aur Dokha. Nushrat Bharucha also has Hurdang in which she will share the screen space with Sunny Kaushal and Vijay Varma. The movie is a love story set in the ’90’s and is all set to be released next yea

A Frenchman suspected of killing his wife and four children in 2011 has been arrested at Glasgow Airport. The AFP news agency said Xavier Dupont de Ligonnes was arrested after arriving in Scotland on a flight from Paris. Mr Dupont de Ligonnes has been wanted for murder in France since his family was discovered buried in the garden of their family home in Nantes. The 58-year-old was reportedly travelling under a false name. Police Scotland confirmed a man was in custody in connection with a European arrest warrant issued by the French authorities and said inquiries were ongoing to confirm his identity. Sources close to the French investigation told AFP that officers had earlier picked out the suspect at Paris' Charles de Gaulle airport as he prepared to board a flight to Glasgow. After the plane landed in Scotland he was fingerprinted and this identified him as Mr Dupont de Ligonnes. 'Nantes slaughter' Mr Dupont de Ligonnes is suspected of murdering his wife his wife Agnès, 48, and his children, Arthur, 21, Thomas, 18, Anne, 16, and Benoît, 13, whose bodies, as well as those of the family's two dogs, were discovered buried in the garden of the family house in Nantes in 2011. The murders, known as the "Nantes slaughter", deeply shocked France at the time. French prosecutors previously said he killed his victims in a "methodical execution", firing two bullets from a silenced weapon at close range into their heads, before he rolled them in lime and buried them under cement. Mr Dupont de Ligonnes reportedly told his teenage children's private Catholic high school that he had been transferred to a job in Australia. And he also allegedly told friends he was a US secret agent who was being taken into a witness protection programme. A large police operation was mounted in the Var region of southern France in January last year after witnesses reported seeing a man resembling him near a monastery.

Mothers breast milk is the safest diet for a newborn baby and the best for his/her first six months. After that he/she must be introduced to complementary feed, which in India usually includes cereal-based gruels, porridges and dal. While ensuring that your baby gets all the right nutrients, it is also essential to check baby food for safety. Labelblind head Rashida Vapiwala suggests things to keep in mind before choosing baby food. 1. No added colour & flavour Added colours and flavours are a big no-no for babies. And baby food must not have even natural colouring and flavouring agents. Look up the ingredient list for any mention of added colour or flavour in baby food before you buy it. 2. Consistency It is recommended to avoid juices and select food products with thicker consistencies - like fruit and vegetable purees and cereal porridges. This ensures some fibre content in the product and curtails free sugar that comes from fruit juices. 3. List of ingredients The shorter the ingredient list, the better it is. Simple foods with one or two ingredients are best suited for infants. This is to identify if the child is having an allergic reaction towards any ingredient. Complex products with a long list of ingredients will not help you figure a potential allergen. 4. Allergen Read the labels to check if the product has any allergens that your child has an existing allergy to. 5. Skip sugar and salt It is suggested that you avoid products with added sodium and sugar. Keep in mind that sugar is often disguised on the label as organic cane juice, fructose, maple, and corn syrup. Sugar laden foods increase a child's risk to obesity, dental caries, flatulence, etc. Also, the child gets his or her daily sodium requirements from breast milk, as well as other vegetable and cereal-based complementary feeds. So steer clear of foods with added salt and/or sugar. 6. Vegetable content It is a good idea to introduce vegetables to your child at an early age. Baby foods are now coming with higher vegetable content, instead of plain fruit. This increases the vitamin and mineral content, reduces fructose intake, and familiarises children with the flavour of vegetables. 7. Essential nutrients Children require certain nutrients for the growth of specific organs like brain, or the development of certain functions like immunity. Look for products that are fortified with essential nutrients like omega-3, iron, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B12, etc. 8. Organic Going organic is a good choice to prevent your children getting exposed to pesticides and herbicides. But remember, even when labelled "organic", a product may still be laden with sugar and sodium, and must be checked for that. Most Important: It is always a good idea to run your child's feed by a medical professional first

L 10/09/2019 - 11:34:42: [ZPA62.amxx] "[ADMIN] Jimcho: kick Winston XS" L 10/09/2019 - 11:34:55: [ZPA62.amxx] "[ADMIN] Jimcho: kick Winston XS" L 10/09/2019 - 11:35:07: [ZPA62.amxx] "[ADMIN] Jimcho: kick Winston XS" Suspend 3 days, next time be careful about the amx_kick command P.S Read the rules of server.

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