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Q. When I retired from teaching, the school made a lovely tribute movie on an iPad. I would love a copy of the movie as a keepsake, but no one can figure out how to make a DVD for me. Can you help? A. As versatile as it is, the iPad does not include the ability to record DVDs, so you need the right hardware and software to get the movie onto a disc. Some programs in Apple’s App Store offer to create DVDs from uploaded video, but you can also do it yourself if you have access to a computer with a DVD burner and disc-making software. If you want to go the app route, software like Burn Video promises to take video uploaded from an iOS device and record it to a DVD for you. The App Store has other similar programs, although some may charge monthly subscription fees to regularly record iPhone or iPad video to disc. Most video-editing programs for iOS devices offer export options that allow you to save a copy of a movie project as a file that plays outside of the app that created it. The export options vary based on the editing software used, but Apple’s own iMovie app is frequently used for making iPad video projects and can be used here as an example. Open the iMovie app and tap the thumbnail for the project you want to export. On the project’s page, tap the Share menu icon at the bottom of the screen between the preview icon and the trash icon. In the window that pops up, select a place to save the movie. Depending on the apps and accounts used with the iPad, choices may include online storage sites like iCloud Drive, Google Drive, OneDrive or Dropbox. If the iPad is near a compatible Mac, it is also possible to wirelessly transfer the movie to the computer with Apple’s AirDrop feature. (On a Mac, you can also open it with the desktop version of iMovie or import it through iTunes.) From the Share menu, you can also export the movie to the iPad’s photo library with the Save Video icon. Connect the iPad to a Mac or PC with its USB cable to import the video to the computer the same way you import photos from a digital camera, through the Windows AutoPlay box (and other methods) or the Mac’s Image Capture app. Once you get the exported file on the computer with the connected DVD burner, record the movie to a disc. A DVD-creation program can record and format the disc so that it automatically plays like a standard movie on the DVD player connected to your home entertainment center.

ISTANBUL — A prominent columnist wrote recently about how President Recep Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey hates cigarettes so much that he confiscates packs from his followers, lecturing them on the evils of smoking. The columnist, Kadri Gursel, then urged his readers to protest the president’s anti-democratic ways by lighting a cigarette and not putting it out. For that, Mr. Gursel was arrested on terrorism charges and is being held in pretrial detention, one of 120 journalists who have been jailed in Turkey’s crackdown on the news media since a failed coup attempt in July. There, he has the company of 10 colleagues from his newspaper, Cumhuriyet, the country’s last major independent publication. Among them are its editor and the paper’s chief executive, arrested as he stepped off a flight to Istanbul last Friday. Turkey now has handily outstripped China as the world’s biggest jailer of journalists, according to figures compiled by the Committee to Protect Journalists. Continue reading the main story The jailings are the most obvious example of an effort to muzzle not just the free press, but free speech generally. More than 3,000 Turks have faced charges for insulting the president, including a former Miss Turkey, Merve Buyuksarac, who posted on Instagram a satirical rewording of the country’s national anthem as if Mr. Erdogan were singing: I am like a wild flood, I smash over the law and beyond I follow state bids, take my bribe and live. She was sentenced to 14 months in prison, suspended on the condition that she not repeat any offensive remarks. The government and its supporters are behind a wave of demands to Twitter to remove offending posts, more than all other countries in the world put together, according to Twitter’s Transparency Report (of 20,000 Twitter accounts affected worldwide this year, 15,000 were Turkish). Several journalists — including Mr. Gursel, whose column was published three days before the coup attempt — have been retroactively accused of “subliminal” messaging in support of the July uprising. Even more risky now is anything viewed as support for the outlawed Kurdish nationalist party, the PKK. Some have been attacked for calling members of the group “militants,” rather than “terrorists.” Others are in jail for advocating a resumption of the collapsed peace process with the Kurdish guerrillas — although few here dare use the word “guerrilla.” Failing to mention how many people were killed in the attempted coup, in any article about it, is also considered proof of terrorist sympathies. Others have been convicted on terrorism charges for reporting a 2015 scandal in which Mr. Erdogan’s government was accused of supplying weapons to the Islamic State, which it is now fighting in Syria. One of those is Cumhuriyet’s former editor in chief, Can Dundar, who was free on appeal when he announced in August that he was not returning from a trip to Germany, saying he could not expect a fair trial in the wake of the coup attempt. In addition to the jailings here, some 150 news outlets have been shuttered, ranging from TV stations to online enterprises, according to Erol Onderoglu, the Turkish representative for Reporters Without Borders. But probably the most corrosive long-term effect of the crackdown has been a highly effective government push for businessmen who are loyal to it to take over ownership of many of the remaining outlets, turning them into avid cheerleaders for Mr. Erdogan and his policies. “What’s left, they are all basically Pravda,” said Gulsin Harman, who resigned in disgust from her job as a foreign editor at Milliyet, a once independent newspaper that is now owned by an Erdogan crony. “There is no more critical journalism, 90 percent of the free press is destroyed directly or indirectly,” Mr. Onderoglu said. “Investigative journalism is considered treason. Journalism has been stolen by the government.” Mr. Erdogan’s office did not respond to repeated requests for comment on its treatment of the news media. There have been press crackdowns in Turkey before, especially during periods of military rule, and even Mr. Erdogan and his government have used press laws and intimidation against journalists on a large scale since 2012. But the sweeping emergency powers granted to Mr. Erdogan after the failed military coup against him, by supporters of the exiled Muslim cleric Fethullah Gulen, have greatly accelerated the crackdown. “Never has there been such a dark period as this,” said Ayse Yildirim, a Cumhuriyet columnist, who found out by accident that criminal charges had been placed against her for reporting on a Kurdish baby killed by a police bullet at a protest. In addition to Mr. Dundar and the 11 Cumhuriyet staff members in jail, the paper’s employees are fending off an estimated 100 other criminal cases against them on a variety of charges, such as offending Turkishness, the president or local officials; terrorism; and membership in the PKK. “Now even publishing a not-nice picture of Erdogan would be trouble,” said one prominent journalist, who spoke only on condition of anonymity because she feared she would be arrested, as many of her colleagues have been. “Now we even have ministers calling us and saying, ‘Why did you run that picture of me? I don’t like the way it looks,’ ” she said. Some of the most virulent attacks on independent-minded journalists have come from journalists in the pro-Erdogan press who are known by their colleagues as “hit men.” First they attack the target by name, then personally lobby with intimidated media owners or the government to have the person fired or jailed. The most notorious — and effective — of such hit men is a television commentator and social media activist named Cem Kucuk, a nationalist who many journalists say is really a government operative. When a New York Times journalist telephoned to arrange an interview with him, his colleagues said he could more easily be reached at the president’s office. Mr. Kucuk laughed about that comment, saying, “No, no, I’m very close to Erdogan.” He denied he was a presidential employee, but made no apologies for advocating the jailing of journalists he views as “traitors” and supporters of terrorists. “I don’t care what they call me,” he said. “In all of Turkey, people like me.” As for the spectacle of so many Turkish journalists behind bars, he said, “They deserve it.” He said that Western countries had also jailed journalists, citing examples like the former New York Times reporter Judith Miller, jailed for refusing to reveal a source, and employees of the British tabloid News of the World, jailed for telephone hacking and the bribery of police officers. Recently, a wiretap of a phone call between Mr. Erdogan and Erdogan Demiroren, the owner of the Milliyet newspaper, was posted on YouTube. In it, Mr. Demiroren is heard apologizing for the paper’s publication of leaked minutes of a secret meeting between Kurdish leaders who were discussing peace negotiations that have since been abandoned. Mr. Demiroren says to the president, “Did I upset you, boss?” As Mr. Erdogan berates him, the paper’s owner begins weeping as he apologizes and promises to find out who leaked the documents to his paper. Mr. Erdogan denounces “this disgraceful, dishonest, vile man who puts a headline and wants to sabotage this process.” No one has challenged the tape’s authenticity. There have been efforts at solidarity among some journalists. When the Kurdish daily Ozgur Gundem was under attack, prominent journalists from many other publications took turns guest editing it, one each day. A hundred did so, and 50 of them were hit with criminal charges, accused of various terrorism offenses for what the paper published the next day. Mr. Kucuk said it would not be necessary for Turkey’s remaining big newspapers to be shut down, as so many other outlets have been, because they had been brought to heel. The foundation that owns Cumhuriyet, he predicted, would soon be taken over by a group of hard-liners more friendly to the president. “I can foresee things,” he said. “In the last three years, I am the only journalist whose writings became the truth.” The other surviving major daily papers have already begun to toe the official line, including Hurriyet, the country’s most distinguished daily, which has been cowed by a tax fine equivalent to about $500 million, and Milliyet. “In the media now, it’s me and some of my friends like me, we managed to prevail over them,” Mr. Kucuk said. “For example, now I have the power to make Hurriyet do what I want it to do. Now, we are ruling the country, we are ruling the people.”

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South African President Jacob Zuma survived a no-confidence vote on Thursday, after the anti-graft watchdog called in a report for a judicial inquiry into allegations of influence-peddling in the government. The scandal highlighted in the report has rattled investors in Africa’s most industrialised country and raised the risk the stagnating economy’s credit ratings will be downgraded. Zuma, 74, had the support of the African National Congress (ANC), which controls about two-thirds of the 400-member assembly. He has already survived a no-confidence motion and an impeachment vote this year, related to other scandals. “I think the no’s have it,” Deputy Speaker Lechesa Tsenoli ruled, after lawmakers of Zuma’s ANC, which controls almost two-thirds of the assembly, voted against the motion and burst into song in support of Zuma. The main opposition Democratic Alliance (DA), which called the no-confidence motion against Zuma over what it described as his “reckless leadership”, asked for a re-count of the vote. Zuma, who was not in the assembly, won with 214 lawmakers voting against the motion, while 126 voted in favour and one abstained, a result that mirrored his victory in March. In his speech supporting the motion, the DA party leader Mmusi Maimane urged lawmakers to “stand up against state capture,” while Water and Sanitation Minister Nomvula Mokonyane said the motion was “ill-conceived and bound to fail.” The vote comes after the Public Protector, a constitutionally-mandated office, called for a judicial inquiry into allegations of corruption in Zuma’s government in a report titled “State of Capture” released last week. Zuma denies allegations that he granted undue influence to the Gupta family of business tycoons, who run a business empire from media to mining, or anyone else. The Guptas have also denied any wrongdoing.

Q. Is it possible to make the text on my smartphone bigger so that I can read emails more easily? A. The major smartphone platforms include settings that can make the devices simpler to use for people who require bigger text, the ability to zoom, high-contrast displays, audio cues and narration, or assistance with the touch screen. In recent versions of the Android and iOS systems, these controls are kept in the Accessibility settings. (Last month, Apple even announced a new Accessibility website to guide users on the assistive features of its products; Google has a similar section on its own site.) On an iPhone running iOS 10, open the Settings icon, select General and then choose Accessibility. In the Vision section of the settings, tap the On button next to Larger Text. On the next screen, turn on Larger Accessibility Sizes and use the slider to adjust the type to suit you. The iPhone's Accessibility settings let you adjust the size of the screen text for many apps. Credit The New York Times The text size may not change for some apps, but you should see the new size in native iOS apps like Mail, Messages, Contacts and Calendar. If you find the iOS system font too spindly for comfortable reading, the Accessibility settings also offer a Bold Text option. On an Android 7.0 device, open the Settings icon and select Accessibility. Tap Font Size and use the slider on the screen to select your preferred size. The Accessibility area’s Display Size controls let you similarly adjust the size of items on the screen. Android software that has been customized by hardware makers and wireless carriers may have slightly different steps for selecting larger type, and older versions of Android have a Large Text button you can use to increase the size of the screen type. (The Google Chrome browser for Android has its own type-scaling controls in the app’s Accessibility settings.) For those using Windows Phone 10 handsets, visit the Ease of Access area of the Settings for similar controls.

SAN FRANCISCO — Social media companies are under increasing scrutiny for the amount of hate speech that thrives on their platforms, especially since the presidential election. Now, Twitter has unveiled several new measures to curb the online abuse, though the changes are unlikely to be far-reaching enough to quiet the company’s critics. On Tuesday, Twitter said it was making it easier for its users to hide content they do not wish to see on the service and to report abusive posts, even when those messages are directed at other users. The company has given its support teams training to better identify mistreatment on Twitter. “There’s a fine line between free expression and abuse, and this launch is another step on the path toward getting rid of abuse,” said Del Harvey, Twitter’s vice president of trust and security. “We’ve been launching new products to address this, and the cadence of product releases is picking up. We have a lot planned on this path.” Online harassment and hate speech have long festered on Twitter, but the incidents appeared to rise during the presidential campaign. Exchanges between supporters of President-elect Donald J. Trump and Hillary Clinton grew personal and acrimonious. Many of Mr. Trump’s supporters also relied on a series of images — some anti-Semitic and others quietly coded as racist — to circulate hate speech on Twitter. Since Mr. Trump’s victory last week, Twitter has been filled with reports of racist and derogatory taunts against minorities. Many users have expressed fear and concern about the escalation of such behavior. When asked about harassment of minorities, Mr. Trump told “60 Minutes” that his supporters should “stop it.” Twitter has not had a comprehensive response for dealing with hate speech, largely because the company did not want to limit freedom of expression on the service. But over time, Twitter has rolled out measures to tackle the problem. It has let people mute the accounts of other users, effectively making their content disappear from view. Last year, it issued an explicit prohibition against hateful conduct. The company is now taking more action. It is letting people more specifically block out what they do not want to see on the service, including muting words, phrases and even entire conversations. Twitter is also making it easier for people to report abusive behavior, even if they are only bystanders to the abuse, and for the company to evaluate those reports. And it has overhauled its approach to training support teams, holding special sessions on cultural and historical context for hateful conduct. “Someone looking at user complaints in Asia may not recognize something happening in the E.U. or the U.S. as hateful,” Ms. Harvey said. “We need to make sure there is a universal familiarity with the most common trends and themes we’re seeing that are abusive, but may not seem so at first glance.” Critics said that while the steps are positive, they will not eliminate hate speech. Twitter’s changes “don’t stop the problem of posting abusive content,” said Mark S. Luckie, a former Twitter manager who now runs a digest of the topics trending among Twitter’s African-American users called Today in #BlackTwitter. “People will find a way to abuse others online, but these changes may put users at ease and curb the perception of abuse on Twitter.” Part of the reason abuse has thrived on Twitter is because the company allows anonymity, Mr. Luckie said. “But unlike other sites with anonymity, Twitter lets users broadcast to the world — so their abuse has a huge potential impact,” he said. “If you fight with a celebrity and the celebrity fights back, then you have potentially reached a global audience with your abuse.” Ms. Harvey acknowledged that Twitter has not always moved fast enough to clamp down on abusive behavior. She said that the problem would probably never be entirely solved, but that the company was doing more to identify repeat offenders who create new accounts when Twitter shuts them down or who incite users to gang up on others. “When I hear that Twitter only cares about this now, that we’re only going through the motions, I understand where that perception comes from,” Ms. Harvey said. “But this is important to us because people are experiencing these abusive things, and we need to make sure they know what options they have and that we’re taking action to make things better.”

The clock has started for one of the most eagerly awaited market debuts of 2017: that of Snapchat, the po[CENSORED]r messaging service. The social network’s parent, Snap Inc., has filed confidentially to go public, with an eye toward being valued at more than $30 billion, people briefed on the matter said Tuesday. That would make Snap the third-most-valuable technology company at the time of its market debut, after Alibaba and Facebook. The company is aiming to begin having its shares traded as soon as March, though the final timing for an offering has not been determined. The confidential filing, made with the Securities and Exchange Commission before the presidential election last week, comes amid a relative drought in the market for initial public offerings. There have been 96 offerings of companies with a market value of more than $50 million in the United States so far this year, down 41 percent from 2015, according to data from Renaissance Capital. A successful debut of Snap could help revive that market, encouraging other technology companies to go public. It would be the first top-tier “unicorn” — Silicon Valley lingo for private companies valued at $1 billion or more — to go public next year. Unlike Uber, Airbnb or the lender SoFi, however, Snap has a main business that is not subject to a web of government regulations that make a public listing complicated. A Snap share sale is also expected to eschew the complexities of previous technology initial public offerings like Google’s in 2004. Still, like Google, Facebook and other tech companies, Snap’s recently amended corporate charter shows that a different class of stock would enable its top executives, including its co-founder Evan Spiegel, to maintain control even after the service is publicly traded. Yet Snap will encounter intense scrutiny from potential investors, as rivals try to encroach on its turf by copying some of the photo messaging service’s signature features. In August, Facebook’s Instagram rolled out its version of the Snapchat Stories photo and video service. A spokesman for Snap declined to comment on the filing, which was reported earlier by Reuters. Founded in a Stanford University dorm room in 2011, Snapchat has become a darling of the tech world, as it has grown from a simple disappearing-messages service into a digital video phenomenon. Its lofty goal is to essentially become the online generation’s equivalent to television. It has built up its po[CENSORED]r Stories service, in which users upload photos or videos and share them with followers. And it gained new levels of po[CENSORED]rity after rolling out features like lenses, which lets users transform their likenesses into cartoon dogs, silly faces — or Taco Bell tacos, paid for by sponsors. Such has been the po[CENSORED]rity of Snapchat that media organizations have rushed to establish beachheads on the service. Even the White House has set up a Snapchat account, and President Obama has given an interview on the company’s in-house political show. Analysts have estimated that Snap, which began its advertising business less than two years ago, could reach $1 billion in sales next year, up from more than $350 million this year. Snap’s financial information will be known when its offering filing is publicly disclosed — if the company decides to go ahead with a sale of its shares. The confidentiality of Snap’s filing was made possible by the Jumpstart Our Business Start-ups. or JOBS, Act of 2012, which permits companies with less than $1 billion in revenue to conduct much of their preparation for an I.P.O. away from the glare of public scrutiny. Twitter, GoPro, Box and even the English soccer club Manchester United have filed confidentially for stock listings in the United States in this way. Under the law, companies must publicly disclose their offering documents some 15 days before they start pitching the proposed share offering to prospective investors in what is known as a “road show.” The investment banks Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs have been hired to lead the offering, people briefed on the matter have previously said. Unlike some private companies, Snap has had no trouble raising money on the private markets, so investors were not given preferential treatment regarding how many shares they will get in the event of a public offering, according to corporate documents filed in Delaware. This sets Snap apart from offerings from Square and Box. Both of those companies had to give some of their private investors special deals that diluted other early shareholders. When Square went public last November, some investors received an additional 10.3 million shares, which came at the expense of other investors. Similarly, when Box went public in 2014, some of the company’s earlier private investors were entitled to extra shares. “Snapchat will certainly be an indicator of whether there is a big pile of investor cash ready to go into the market,” said Doug Bontemps, Silicon Valley Bank’s managing director of corporate finance. “But Snapchat is unique. It’s growing quickly, is doing some interesting things with glasses and has gotten a lot of attention. There aren’t a lot of that ilk.” Correction: November 15, 2016 An earlier version of this article misstated the number of days in which companies must publicly disclose their offering documents before pitching the proposed share offering to prospective investors. It is 15 days, not 21.

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AAP MLA Surinder Singh on Tuesday said he would oppose the move to rename Race Course Road, on which the Prime Minister’s official residence is located, as Ekatma Marg and demanded that it be rechristened after a martyr. Singh, a former National Security Guard (NSG) commando who suffered injury in the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks, said several veterans have approached him saying if the road is to be renamed then it should be done to honour martyred soldiers. Singh, a New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) member, said he would raise the issue in the Council meeting on Wednesday. Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal is also a member of NDMC. “Race Course Road should be renamed after any soldier. I propose that it should be renamed after 1965 war hero Flt Lt Nirmaljit Singh Sekhon, who sacrificed his life for the nation. Renaming of road should not reflect the ideology of the RSS,” Singh said. He said Race Course Road also houses two air force stations. “I have been approached by several veterans in my constituency. They want to the road to be renamed after any solider,” the Delhi Cantonment MLA said. BJP MP Meenakshi Lekhi has proposed to NDMC to rename Race Course Road as Ekatma Marg based on the philosophy of her party’s ideologue Deendayal Upadhyay. Samajwadi Family Will Rebuild The Next Government: Akhilesh Yadav She said that the existing name, Race Course Road, “does not match with Indian culture”. Upadhyay is remembered by his followers for his concept of ‘antyodaya’ (serving the last man in the queue) and ‘ekatma’ (integral humanism). Prime Minister Narendra Modi will kick off Upadhyay’s 100th birth anniversary celebrations on September 25.

North Korea has carried out a "successful" ground test of a new rocket engine to launch satellites, state media says. Kim Jong-un, the country's leader, asked scientists and engineers to make preparations for a satellite launch as soon as possible, KCNA reported. It is the latest in a series of missile-related tests this year. Meanwhile, the US and China have agreed to step up co-operation at the UN to address the North's fifth nuclear test. The underground nuclear test, conducted earlier this month, is thought to be the country's most powerful yet. North Korea regularly makes claims about the progress of its nuclear and missile programmes, but analysts say most of them are impossible to independently verify. North Korea's missile programme Kim Jong-un: North Korea's supreme commander US and Chinese officials have started discussions on a possible UN sanctions resolution as a response, unnamed diplomats were quoted by the Reuters news agency as saying. But Beijing has not said directly whether it will support tougher steps against Pyongyang, the agency added. Chinese Premier Li Keqiang speaks at a high-level meeting on addressing large movements of refugees and migrants at the United Nations General Assembly in New YorkImage copyrightREUTERS Image caption Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and US President Barack Obama met in New York on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly China is North Korea's main ally and trading partner, but has grown increasingly intolerant of its military actions and Kim Jong-un's aggressive rhetoric. Its support for toughened sanctions is crucial if they are to have any impact, but Beijing has repeatedly said that such steps are not the ultimate answer for the issue. 'Successful test' Kim Jong-un supervised the test at the country's Sohae satellite-launching site, KCNA reported. That is where the country launched a rocket in February, reportedly carrying a satellite. The engine tested would give the country "sufficient carrier capability for launching various kinds of satellites, including Earth observation satellite at a world level", the report added. Mr Kim, KCNA said, called for more rocket launches to turn the country into a "possessor of geostationary satellites in a couple of years to come." This was seen by observers as an indication that Pyongyang might soon launch another long-range rocket. The North insists its space programme is purely scientific in nature but the US, South Korea and even China say the rocket launches are aimed at developing inter-continental ballistic missiles. UN Security Council resolutions ban the state from carrying out any nuclear or ballistic missile tests.

IPhone passcodes can be bypassed using just £75 ($100) of electronic components, research suggests. A Cambridge computer scientist cloned iPhone memory chips, allowing him an unlimited number of attempts to guess a passcode. The work contradicts a claim made by the FBI earlier this year that this approach would not work. The FBI made the claim as it sought access to San Bernardino gunman Syed Rizwan Farook's iPhone. Cheap trick 2014 file image of Tashfeen Malik, left, and Rizwan Farook, as they passed through O'Hare International Airport in ChicagoImage copyrightAP Image caption Syed Rizwan Farook and his wife, Tashfeen Malik, killed 14 people at an office party on 2 December Farook and his wife killed 14 people in the California city last December before police fatally shot them. The FBI believed his iPhone 5C contained information about collaborators, but its security system prevented easy access. The agency pressured Apple to give it a software backdoor into the phone, and, when it refused, reportedly paid $1m to a security company to retrieve data from the phone. Now, Dr Sergei Skorobogatov, from the University of Cambridge computer laboratory, has spent four months building a testing rig to bypass iPhone 5C pin codes. In a YouTube video, Dr Skorobogatov showed how he had removed a Nand chip from an iPhone 5C - the main memory storage system used on many Apple devices. He then worked out how the memory system communicated with the phone so he could clone the chip. And the target phone was modified so its Nand chip sat on an external board and copied versions could be easily plugged in or removed. In the video, Dr Skorobogatov demonstrated locking an iPhone 5C by trying too many incorrect combinations. He then removed the Nand chip and substituted a fresh clone, which had its pin attempt counter set at zero, to allow him to keep trying different codes. "Because I can create as many clones as I want, I can repeat the process many many times until the passcode is found," he said. Known as Nand mirroring, the technique is one FBI director James Comey said would not work on Farook's phone. Finding a four-digit code took about 40 hours of work, Dr Skorobogatov said. And finding a six-digit code could potentially take hundreds of hours Using a slightly more sophisticated set-up should make it possible to clone memory chips from other iPhones, including more recent models such as the iPhone 6. However, Dr Skorobogatov said, more information was needed about the way Apple stored data in memory on more recent phones. The different techniques could make it "more challenging to analyse and copy", he added. Apple has not responded to a request for comment on Dr Skorobogatov's research. Susan Landau, on the Lawfare news blog, said the work showed law enforcement agencies should not look for software backdoors to help their investigations but should develop or cultivate hardware and computer security skills. "Skorobogatov was able to do what the FBI said was impossible," she said.

People of four villages in Maharashtra turned up in large numbers to share the grief of the families of four bravehearts from the state, who were among the 18 jawans martyred in the Uri terror attack. Sandip Somnath Thok (24) from Nashik district, Chandrakant Shankar Galande from Satara, Vikas Janardhan Kulmethe (27) from Yavatmal district and Panjab alias Vikas Janrao Uike (26) from Amravati lost their lives in Sunday’s terror attack. Bodies of three martyrs — Sandip Thok, Chandrakant Galande and Vikas Uike — were brought to Ojhar airport in Nashik district in an IAF plane from Srinagar, an official press release issued at Nashik said. Maharashtra ministers Dada Bhuse and Girish Mahajan paid tributes to the three martyrs by placing wreaths on their coffins at the airport. Army officers and government officials were also present. The bodies were later taken to the respective hometowns of the martyrs by road for the last rites, the release added. The body of the fourth martyr, Vikas Janardhan Kulmethe from Yavatmal district, was being brought to Nagpur by air and will be taken to his native place by road. Meanwhile, the Maharashtra government announced financial assistance of Rs 15 lakh each to the families of the martyrs from the state. Villagers of Jashi in Mann tehsil of Satara district made a beeline in front of Galande’s house ever since the news of his killing reached the village. Galande’s brothers Manjya Bapu and Keshav are also in the armed forces. The family has a house on the outskirts of the village where the slain soldier’s wife and two children live. At Khandagali village in Nashik district, the family of Sandip Somnath Thok, killed in the Uri attack, was mourning the loss of the soldier who was a bachelor. Sandip is survived by parents, elder brother Yogesh and two married sisters. His father Somnath is an onion farmer. Sandip had joined the army in 2014 after repeated attempts. Ten youths from the village are serving in the armed forces. Purad Nerad in Wani tehsil of Yavatmal district was mourning the death of Vikas Janardhan Kulmethe. Vikas, who joined the army in 2008 and was transferred to the camp at Uri six months ago, had got married two years back. He is survived by wife Sneha (23), a four-month-old daughter, a younger brother and parents. Vikas Janrao Uike from Nandgaon Khandeshwar town in Amravati district, who joined the Bihar Battalion of the army at Chandrapur in 2009, had served at Assam and West Bengal, before being posted at Jammu and Kashmir three months ago. He left behind parents, a brother and a married sister. His father Janrao said they were planning to marry him off soon. “We had planned to solemnise the engagement on Diwali but all our plans have been shattered,” he told PTI. The grief-stricken residents of Nandgaon Khandeshwar town observed a spontaneous bandh on Monday.

Aid trucks have been hit by an air strike near the Syrian city of Aleppo, reports say, hours after the military declared the current cessation of violence was over. The Syrian Red Crescent said the convoy had been making a routine delivery from Aleppo to rural rebel-held areas. A UN spokesman said an aid convoy had been hit in Aleppo province but could not confirm it was an air strike. UN Special Envoy for Syria, Staffan de Mistura, said it was an "outrage". "The convoy was the outcome of a long process of permission and preparations to assist isolated civilians," he said in a statement emailed to Reuters. It is not known if there are casualties and the government has not commented. Aid deliveries to besieged areas were a key part of the cessation of hostilities deal brokered by the US and Russia seven days ago. But the Syrian military and rebels have accused each other of violating the truce. Children suffer horrors of Syria's war US unease over joint air action with Russia Syria conflict: How will the new truce work? What's left after five years of war? Monitoring group the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said the aid trucks were hit near the town of Urm al-Kubra by Syrian or Russian warplanes. Details are unclear, but a civil defence volunteer said rescue efforts at the scene were continuing. Earlier, air strikes were reported to have resumed on Aleppo and other cities after the Syrian military declared the seven-day "regime of calm" at an end. It said rebel groups, which it referred to as "terrorists", had failed to commit to any provisions of the truce deal. Destroyed buildings in the city of Aleppo. 18 Sept 2017Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES Image caption Large parts of Aleppo have been destroyed by years of fighting The US, which brokered the cessation of violence along with Russia, said it was working to extend the agreement, but called on Russia to clarify the Syrian statement. "Our arrangement is with Russia, which is responsible for the Syrian regime's compliance, so we expect Russia to clarify their position," state department spokesman John Kirby said. US Secretary of State John Kerry criticised the Syrian declaration, saying: "It would be good if they didn't talk first to the press but if they talked to the people who are actually negotiating this." He had earlier described the truce as "holding but fragile". The US and Russia are to hold further talks on the Syrian situation in New York on Tuesday, the state department added. Map of Syria The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said air strikes had hit rebel-held areas in Aleppo and villages to the west. A correspondent with AFP news agency in the city said artillery shelling and air strikes hit Sukkari and Amiriyah, two eastern districts. Government-backed air strikes were also reported in the city of Homs and in the cities of Hama and Idlib. 'Pained and disappointed' The cessation agreement included deliveries of humanitarian aid for the worst hit areas, but by Monday most shipments had yet to go in. They include a 20-lorry convoy for rebel-held eastern Aleppo where about 275,000 civilians are trapped without access to food or medical supplies. UN Under-Secretary General for Humanitarian Affairs Stephen O'Brien said he was "pained and disappointed" that the convoy had yet to cross into Syria from Turkey. Aid delivery arrives in rebel-held town of Talbisseh on northern outskirts of Homs on September 19, 2016Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES Image caption Most of the humanitarian aid agree under the deal has yet to be delivered Some aid was delivered to the besieged town of Talbiseh in Homs province on Monday, the Red Cross said. The truce was dealt a blow on Saturday when warplanes from the US-led coalition against so-called Islamic State (IS) bombed Syrian troops in the eastern city of Deir al-Zour, apparently unintentionally. Officials said the strikes killed more than 60 soldiers. President Bashar al-Assad called them the "latest example of flagrant American aggression against Syrian army positions in the interests of the terrorist organisation Daesh [IS]". On Monday, the UK confirmed that British aircraft - believed to be unmanned, remotely-piloted Reaper drones - had been involved in the strike, along with jets from Australia and Denmark.