[LifeStyle] World Vitiligo Day: Know all about the condition, its symptoms, causes, treatment

[Nightgamer]

In a world where colours define identity, vitiligo paints a completely different picture – one that challenges societal norms. This skin condition characterised by the loss of melanocytes creates depigmented patches on the skin. On the occasion of World Vitiligo Day on June 25, experts provide a comprehensive overview of vitiligo, including its causes, diagnosis, treatment options, and preventive measures. What is vitiligo? Vitiligo is a chronic skin disorder that occurs when melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, are destroyed. Melanin gives colour to the skin, hair, and eyes. “As a result of melanocyte loss, pale or white patches appear on various parts of the body, including the face, hands, feet, and genitals,” said Dr Monica Chahar, chief dermatologist and director, Skin Décor, New Delhi. Dr Vikram Vora, medical director, Indian Sub-Continent, International SOS, said that these patches are irregular in size and shape and may expand gradually. “There may be sensitivity and itching in these areas and the loss of pigment can also affect the hair, leading to premature greying. Signs of emotional distress may become evident as the affected individual notices a change in appearance,” said Dr Vora. The exact cause of vitiligo is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, autoimmune, and environmental factors,” said Dr Chahar. In some cases, vitiligo is associated with autoimmune disorders, such as thyroid disease or type 1 diabetes. “Genetic predisposition is also considered a contributing factor, as individuals with a family history of vitiligo are at a higher risk of developing the condition. Environmental factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals or trauma to the skin, may trigger or exacerbate vitiligo in susceptible individuals,” elucidated Dr Chahar. Diagnosis and treatment A dermatologist typically diagnoses vitiligo based on a physical examination and medical history review. They may use a special lamp called a Wood’s lamp, a dermatoscopy or perform a skin biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. The expert will assess the extent and distribution of the depigmented patches to determine the appropriate treatment approach. Additionally, Dr Chahar explained that other autoimmune disorders and conditions mimicking vitiligo must be ruled out during the diagnostic process. While there is no known cure for vitiligo, several treatment options aim to restore colour to the depigmented areas and manage the condition. “Topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and vitamin D analogs are commonly prescribed to help re-pigment the affected skin. Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy and excimer laser therapy can also stimulate melanocyte activity and promote repigmentation. In cases where medical treatments are not effective, surgical interventions such as autologous melanocyte transplantation or skin grafting may be considered,” elaborated Dr Chahar.

https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/health/world-vitiligo-day-2023-skin-condition-symptoms-causes-treatment-8682753/