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The fault that resulted in the loss of Europe's premier small rocket, Vega-C, during a launch in December has been identified by investigators. They've traced the problem to the failure of protective material that was lining the throat of an engine nozzle. This led to a drop in combustion pressure and acceleration. When it became clear Vega-C wouldn't make it to orbit, a self-destruct command was sent, which also annihilated the satellites onboard. These were two high-resolution Earth imagers built by the aerospace company Airbus. Europe's Vega rocket crashes back to Earth Successful debut flight for Europe's Vega-C rocket Debut for next Ariane rocket is pushed back again The European Space Agency (Esa) said on Friday the measures needed to address the failure meant that Vega-C would not fly again until later this year. When it does finally return to the launch pad, it will be given the task of lofting Sentinel-1C, an eagerly awaited radar spacecraft owned by the European Union. This Sentinel is required to fill a significant gap in Europe's observing capability. "Sentinel-1C is indeed a very precious payload," confirmed Esa director general Dr Josef Aschbacher. "But I think it confirms to the community that, first of all, we have well understood the problem, and, secondly, that the measures we're putting in place are well accepted as the right ones, and therefore we have full confidence that we will succeed," he told BBC News. The rocket stage, or segment, that failed in December, was the Zefiro 40, which ignites about 144 seconds after lift-off. It was the only stage to use this particular carbon-carbon throat insert, manufactured in Ukraine. Nonetheless, a programme is now being put in place by the Italian rocket producer Avio to ensure components right across the Vega-C vehicle meet the highest quality possible in future. A new insert material will be sourced, and a full-duration firing of a Zefiro 40 segment will be conducted on the ground to prove its robustness. Vega-C is an upgraded version of an earlier vehicle simply known as Vega. Both have a total of four stages that they burn in sequence as they climb higher and higher into the sky. Crucially, the old Vega has a different second stage and this will allow for an earlier flight. "It will be by the end of summer," said Stéphane Israël, the CEO of Arianespace, the company that operates the rocket. "We target to have two main (satellite) passengers, and some smaller satellites. We will give more information on these passengers in a few weeks." Satellite operators in Europe were already chasing a limited number of rocket rides, and December's failure has complicated their options still further. The war in Ukraine, and the resulting western sanctions, mean Russian Soyuz rockets - a mainstay of European space operations - are no longer on the market. The Ariane-5, Europe's biggest rocket, has only two more flights this year before it is withdrawn. And the Ariane-6 follow-on is not yet ready to fly. The shortage of rides recently prompted the European Space Agency to purchase two American launches. Its Euclid telescope and Hera asteroid missions will go up on SpaceX Falcon-9 vehicles in 2023 and 2024 respectively. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-64838254

Strong and independent: This is how dozens of sea dragon hatchlings were born in San Diego, after decades of conservation efforts. The news came in January 2023. After years of waiting, the Birch Aquarium in the United States announced that one of its sea dragons had become pregnant. The specialists who dealt with the case did not skimp on describing the phenomenon as "a unique conception of its kind". A month later, the eggs hatched by this yellow male finally hatched. In all, 70 healthy sea dragon pups resulted from this pregnancy. After hatching deep purple eggs, the babies are under close observation by conservators at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego. In a statement, the scientists welcomed the development, as "they are incredibly difficult to breed and breed in captivity." More context: They capture the first pregnant male sea dragon of 2023 in a US aquarium A success for the conservation of the species Researchers have documented the process since its inception. After an intense mating dance, the sea dragon became pregnant for the first time in the year. In itself, this was a remarkable development, as the species is listed as 'near threatened' on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. Despite multiple attempts around the world, only a few facilities have successfully hatched sea dragon hatchlings. In this regard, Leslee Matsushige, who directs Birch Aquarium's seahorse and sea dragon breeding programs, explained that the institution has worked to achieve this for decades: “THIS IS HUGE FOR US”, DECLARED THE SPECIALIST IN AN EMAIL. “THIS IS A VERY CHALLENGING BUT EXCITING PROCESS. WE HAVE HAD SOME PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE BREEDING YOUNG SEA DRAGONS, SO WE HOPE TO BE SUCCESSFUL IN BREEDING AN EVEN GREATER NUMBER OF BABIES THIS YEAR.” She knows more: Why do male seahorses get pregnant? A genetic and conservation challenge For now, the baby sea dragons will be cared for 'behind the scenes', to ensure that they can reach adulthood without problems. However, the researchers revealed the following characteristics of the new babies: They began to be born on February 26 They continued to hatch until March 2. Currently, they measure 2.5 centimeters weigh less than 1 gram They are expected to grow up to 38 centimeters by the time they reach adulthood. Although they are still very young, sea dragons are solitary animals. At birth, they already have enough characteristics to be very independent and feed on their own. Therefore, the role of the father has ended. Jenn Nero Moffatt, senior director of animal care, science and conservation at the aquarium, explains that sea dragon care is relatively new to science. The first approaches were achieved in the 90s, details the specialist. Therefore, the care of these offspring is a genetic and conservation challenge for the institution. https://www.ngenespanol.com/animales/nacen-70-crias-de-dragon-marino/

A leading charge point operator has called for greater collaboration across the automotive industry if it wants to build a sustainable business around electric cars. The Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) recently highlighted that 100 new charge points are needed a day to hit the government’s minimum target of 300,000 by 2030, with the current run rate of 29 a day. Responding to the criticism, Tom Hurst, UK Country Manager for charging firm Fastned, which plans to install 1000 high-speed chargers across Europe by that date, and which has 15 fast-charging sites in the UK at present, said: “What we need if we want to build long-term businesses is collaboration; manufacturers need to sell these cars, we need to charge them, so we need to work together. “The SMMT has highlighted an interesting line, but it doesn’t reflect the level of investment going in or the issues we have in getting sites connected to the grid and up and running. It’s fair to say the charging industry as a whole hasn’t been organised enough to defend itself - but the reality is that we are accelerating our rollout and that some of the barriers to us connecting to the grid are the biggest issue; not our commitment or capability.” Illustrating his point, Hurst highlighted the delays to opening sites as a result of it taking too long to get them connected to the grid by the Distribution Network Operators that operate around the country. He said: “Today, we’ve got three sites ready to open bar their grid connection; that’s frustrating. We’re doing a dance with the lawyers who are doing a dance with the grid operators - it can make you bang your head against the wall it’s so ludicrous. “The biggest barrier we face almost always come from the way that the distribution network operators are set up you. It’s not a very sexy subject, but the infrastructure and management of getting power from a big power station into a location just isn’t set up for charge point operators. A big housing development might have similar needs, but having the transformer operational on a certain day isn’t critical when you are on a three-year schedule, so long as it’s operational when you open. “We, in contrast, build around a three-month schedule, and can’t do anything until that connection is on; we literally can't sell a single kilowatt hour of electricity without it. That connection, and the legal arrangements associated with it, erode any value in a site until they are complete. In some cases, the process is more complex than it needs to be. Some are pragmatic, but others are the polar opposite of pragmatic.” The UK’s energy minister, Graham Stuart MP, recently admitted that speeding up grid connections is “possibly it’s the biggest challenge facing the [Energy Security and Net Zero] department”. https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/electric-cars/charging-firms-car-makers-must-work-together-hit-network-goals

Russian and Ukrainian forces are fighting in the streets of Bakhmut - but Russia does not control the eastern city, its deputy mayor has said. Oleksandr Marchenko also told the BBC the remaining 4,000 civilians are living in shelters without access to gas, electricity or water. Mr Marchenko said "not a single building" had remained untouched and that the city is "almost destroyed", Bakhmut has seen months of fighting, as Russia tries to take charge. "There is fighting near the city and there are also street fights," Mr Marchenko said. Taking the city would be a rare battlefield success in recent months for Russia. But despite that, the city's strategic value has been questioned. Some experts say any Russian victory could be pyrrhic - that is, not worth the cost. Thousands of Russian troops have died trying to take Bakhmut, which had a pre-war po[CENSORED]tion of around 75,000. Ukrainian commanders estimate that Russia has lost seven times as many soldiers as they have. Now, after fierce shelling, Russian forces and troops from the Wagner private army appear to have surrounded much of Bakhmut. On Saturday, UK military intelligence said Russian advances in the northern suburbs have left the Ukraine-held section of the city vulnerable to Russian attacks on three sides. Mr Marchenko accused the Russians of having "no goal" to save the city and that it wanted to commit "genocide of the Ukrainian people". "Currently there is no communication in the city so the city is cut out, the bridges are destroyed and the tactics the Russians are using is the tactic of parched land," Mr Marchenko told the Today programme. The Institute for the Study of War said the Ukrainian army had blown up bridges in Bakhmut, which might indicate they are "seeking to inhibit Russian movement" as they make a "controlled fighting withdrawal". Earlier this week, Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky said that the situation in the area was becoming "more and more difficult" - although the Ukrainian military said it had repelled numerous attacks since Friday. The commander of Ukraine's ground forces, Col Gen Oleksandr Syrskyi, visited Bakhmut on Friday for meetings with local commanders. "I believe we shouldn't give any inch of our land to the enemy," Mr Marchenko said. "We should protect our land, we should protect our people and we should protect the businesses that are on this land. "And the reason why we shouldn't give it to them is because it will be very hard to take it back, to regain the control after Russians capture it." Russia claimed the Donbas town of Soledar, about 10km (6.2 miles) from Bakhmut, in January following a long battle with the Ukrainian forces. Soledar, too, was reportedly reduced to a wasteland of flattened buildings and rubble by the time the Ukrainian army retreated. On Friday, President Zelensky stressed that artillery and shells were needed to "stop Russia". US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said the country's latest package included high-precision Himars artillery rockets and howitzers "which Ukraine is using so effectively". https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64846666

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King Charles has co-written a children's book about the environmental threats the planet is facing. 'Climate Change' - a Ladybird Book, will be published next month. On Friday the King hosted global leaders at Buckingham Palace to support action on restoring the natural world. Speaking at the reception, the book's co-author Chair of Natural England Tony Juniper said the King wanted to empower young people. "I think he's been struck by the level of energy and passion shown by young people on these subjects, and was keen to put something into their hands which was about those basic facts and figures, basic ideas, but also with his personal message in there," Mr Juniper said. In 2017 the King and Mr Juniper wrote a book for adults about climate change. The new publication aims to make the topic accessible for 7-11 year-olds and is "trying to bring the facts to the fingertips of the people who've got most to gain by finding solutions in time," Mr Juniper explained. Leaders from government, business, charities and indigenous communities went to the palace reception to support stronger action on protecting biodiversity. It followed promises made by nations at the UN summit COP15 in December to prevent what is called the "sixth mass extinction event". Biodiversity - the variety of living things - is declining faster than at any time in human history. At COP15 leaders agreed to stop the extinction of species and raise £167 billion ($200 billion) a year to protect nature. In the historic deal known as the Global Biodiversity Framework, almost 200 countries pledged to protect 30% of the planet by 2030 to allow nature to flourish. Nations reach 'historic' deal to protect nature What is biodiversity? Five key takeaways from UN biodiversity summit The King's reception followed a major government meeting aimed at kick-starting private fundraising to deliver on promises made at the UN's COP15 summit in December. Environment Secretary Thérèse Coffey said the meeting was aimed at mobilising private finance to meet goals set at COP15. "Instead of constantly playing catch-up and repairing the damage that's subsequently happened, which can cost even more money, let's get solutions now," Ms Coffey told BBC News. In recognition of their role as protectors of the natural world, indigenous leaders from the Amazon also met King Charles at Buckingham Palace. One placed a necklace of seeds around the King's neck. "We want the King to be an intermediary for our people with the other countries," said Amazon leader Domingo Peas. Biodiversity is in crisis across the globe - half of coral reefs have disappeared and scientists say 75% of the Earth's surface is degraded. Between 2001 and 2021 the world lost 437 million hectares of tree cover. Human activity plays a big role on this. In 2019, a United Nations report said that harvesting, logging, hunting and fishing are causing overexploitation, of animals, plants and other organisms. The UK is one of most nature-depleted nations in the world, according to experts. No river in England can be given a clean bill of health from chemicals, sewage and other pollutants released into waterways. Government efforts to improve England's environment have also been called inadequate by the independent Office for Environmental Protection (OEP). In January the government released a plan to protect rare wildlife and clean up land and water over the next five years. King Charles has spent much of his life campaigning to protect the environment. In November he hosted a reception to discuss tackling climate change ahead of the UN COP27 summit in Egypt. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-64665675