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A new climate model developed by Yale scientists puts the "global warming hiatus" into a broader historical context and offers a new method for predicting global mean temperature. Research by professor Alexey Fedorov and graduate student Shineng Hu indicates that weak El Niño activity from 1998 until 2013, rather than a pause in long-term global warming, was the root cause for slower rates of increased surface temperature. The research, published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, also finds that volcanic activity played only a minor role. "Our main conclusion is that global warming never went away, as one might imply from the term 'global warming hiatus,'" said Fedorov, who has conducted extensive research on the oceans' role in climate. "The warming can be masked by inter-annual and decadal natural climate variability, but then it comes back with a vengeance." El Niño events contribute to year-to-year variations in global mean temperature by modulating the heat that is released from tropical oceans into the atmosphere, the researchers noted. That is, El Niño warms the atmosphere, while the cold phase of the phenomenon, La Niña, cools the atmosphere. Multiple strong El Niño events occurred in the 1980s and 1990s. This was followed by much weaker El Niño activity, which lasted until 2014. "The recent rapid rise in global temperature mainly resulted from the prolonged 2014-2016 El Niño conditions in the tropics that reached an extreme magnitude in the winter of 2015," said Hu, who is the first author of the study. "The corresponding heat release into the atmosphere, together with the ongoing background global warming trend, made 2014, 2015, and 2016 the three consecutive warmest years of the instrumental record so far." Hu and Fedorov constructed a simple model of global mean surface temperature (GMST) that incorporates greenhouse gas emissions, El Niño-Southern Oscillation data, and stratospheric sulfate aerosols produced by volcanic eruptions. The model closely mirrors GMST changes since 1880, including the so-called global warming hiatus and the more recent temperature rise. "From a practical perspective, our method, when combined with El Niño prediction, allows us to predict next-year global mean temperature," Fedorov said. "Accordingly, 2017 will remain among the hottest years of the observational record, perhaps just a notch colder than 2016 or 2015."

Here’s What You Need to Know About the New Samsung S8 Phone By Renée Tse Date March 29, 2017 Between the Galaxy Note 7 battery debacle and the bribery scandal, Samsung had a rough year in 2016. But it looks like the tech giant is turning things around with its latest news. After months of speculation, Samsung announced its latest innovation in New York. World, let us introduce to you the Samsung Galaxy S8. “The Samsung Galaxy S8 ushers in a new era of smartphone design and fantastic new services, opening up new ways to experience the world,” said DJ Koh, President of Mobile Communications Business of Samsung Electronics, in a press release. “The Galaxy S8 is our testament to regaining your trust by redefining what’s possible in safety and marks a new milestone in Samsung’s smartphone legacy.” While its competitor Apple has yet to release any news about its rumoured anniversary phone, Samsung is setting the bar high with its latest launch. From the infinity display to unlocking your phone with a scan of your iris to a selfie-ready camera, the specs on this are like nothing we’ve seen before. Scroll down to find out everything you need to know about Samsung S8, including when you can can start pre-ordering. Infinity and beyond By reorganizing the phone’s interior (including embedding the home button under the screen), the phone features an infinity display (read: a much larger screen). It not only allows for optimal viewing pleasures but also helps users multitask. It’s available in two sizes… Rather than relaunching the Galaxy Note, Samsung unveils its latest new line of smartphones in two sizes. While the S8 features a screen that is 5.8 inches (146.5 mm), the display on the S8+ is 6.2 inches (158.1 mm). …and in two colours You can opt to get your phone in Midnight Black or Orchid Grey. New phone, who dis? Samsung users, meet Bixby. Similar to Apple’s Siri, Bixby is your guy to help you get things done. He is also intuitive, learning your routine and personalizing your content. But that’s not the coolest part. You’ll also be able to shop, search for images and get details about nearby places with its image-recognition technology. Touch ID is so yesterday Samsung is now upping its security function by allowing users to unlock their phones via iris scanning. Talk about spy goals. It’s selfie-ready This phone will find and autofocus your friends’ faces (so no face is left blurred out), and the rear camera will help you take better pictures, no matter how low-lit the venue or restaurant is. Insta-ready pictures every time. It’s also desktop friendly For PC users, this one’s for you. You can now transform your smartphone into a desktop, thanks to Samsung DeX. This unique feature basically creates a desktop-like experience where you can edit and work straight from your phone. Pre-order today While the phone won’t be available for Canadians to purchase until Friday, April 21, you can pre-order today. There’s also a perk for those who pre-order: From March 29 to April 20, 2017, you will receive the new Samsung Gear VR with Controller with your purchase of an S8/S8+ phone.

In a world where every BMW 4-series Coupe desire is sewn up by the diesel 420d or petrol M4, all other variants start to look a bit niche. The only exception is the 435d, the third best-selling coupe behind those mentioned above, which offers a mix of economy and pace for indecisive buyers. In fact its talents are so wide-reaching that they bring the entire petrol line-up into question – the four-cylinder 420i and 430i offering little in the way of advantage other than lower list price. That leaves the 440i, the sole non-M six-cylinder petrol, to compete not only with the Mercedes-AMG C 43 Coupe and Audi S5, but the six-pot diesels and M4 within its own range. Sounds like it needs to be pretty decent… Luckily, it is. In a lot of ways the 440i is everything you need from a BMW coupe – fast, noisy (in the right way) with engaging handling and sweeping lines. It’s true that you get the same package with the M4, but you’ll need £15,000 more to put one of those on your drive - and having to fend-off boy racers in hot hatches drawn to those M badges like catnip gets boring quickly. Far better to fly under the radar with our otherwise indistinguishable coupe, with its performance limits far more accessible than the full-fat M-car allowing you to bend the rev-counter needle against the redline with satisfying regularity. It’s also a better normal car than the M4 when you need it to be, with ferocious gearchanges giving way to homogeneous acceleration and the previously sharp throttle response dulled to a relaxing waft. The same of course can be said for the 435d xDrive, which packs about the same horsepower but much more torque, so cracks 0-62mph three tenths quicker than our car’s five-second sprint. It’s also cheaper to run, of course. And better in the snow. Awkward. Isn’t there a new Audi S5 too? Yes, and in response BMW has sprinkled a few choice updates on the 4-series, including revamped front and rear bumpers, LED head and tail lights plus a fancy tile-based operating system for the sat-nav to make navigating it a lot easier. You can also pick between two new colours and three new alloy wheel designs for the outside, and some new trims for the inside. In handling terms the changes are a bit woollier - stiffer suspension, advanced dampers, and upgraded steering, says BMW. The upshot of this work is better body control and more neutral feel at the limit, and precise steering fed through a thicker, grippier wheel. The old observations remain: the chassis feels nicely balanced and inspires confident driving, and the steering, although accurate and well-weighted, offers less feedback than you’d expect. Check out BMW 4-series cars for sale What about standard equipment on the revised BMW 4-series? BMW has tidied up its 4-series range to include just Sport and M Sport variants, which makes life a bit easier. Even more helpfully, the 440i is only available in the latter, so you get 18-inch alloys, dual tailpipes, M bodykit and suspension, BMW Professional sat-nav and leather steering wheel. Curiously, the 440i misses out on the automatic gearbox standard to the six-cylinder diesels and its Convertible stablemate. A six-cog manual is what you get and you’ll need another £1,690 for the ZF eight-speeder. Verdict For all intents and purposes the 435d is all the 4 Series you could ever need – prodigiously fast, comfortable when needs be, and (relatively) cheap to run. But it’s a diesel isn’t it? It makes the wrong noise and doesn’t rev properly and you have to wear a pair of disposable gloves at the pump. What you want is a petrol engine - and a proper, straight-six one at that. If you value a smooth power delivery and hair-raising soundtrack, don’t hesitate.

Apple could be about to drop support for older models of the iPhone. The company’s developer downloads webpage lists all of the devices that are in line for the upcoming iOS 10.3.2 update, which is currently in beta. Missing from the list are the iPhone 5, iPhone 5C and fourth-generation iPad. Gadgets and tech news in pictures According to Apple Insider, this means Apple may cut support for the devices this year, which could make customers who continue using them vulnerable to security glitches and bugs. The iPhone 5, iPhone 5C and fourth-generation iPad came out in 2012 and 2013, and have all since been discontinued. However, the iPhone 5 in particular is still a po[CENSORED]r handset. All three devices use an A6 system-on-chip, the last of Apple’s hardware to be built on a 32-bit architecture. Apple made the jump to 64-bit with the launch of the A7 system-on-chip, and the latest version of iOS now warns users attempting to open 32-bit software that “This app will not work with future versions of iOS. Apple hasn’t officially announced the demise of the iPhone 5, iPhone 5C and fourth-generation iPad, and all of them received the recent iOS 10.3 update. The iOS 10.3.2 update in still being tested, so it’s perfectly possible that Apple will add support for the older devices closer to its actual release date. However, it’s clear that the company’s 32-bit devices are no longer a priority.

In simple terms, the term Hardware Acceleration means using computer’s hardware for performing a certain task and function faster than would be possible using a software. This also allows for smooth rendering of graphics. In most processors instructions are executed sequentially i.e. one by one but you can perform them faster if you modify the same process a bit using some technique. The idea is to move all graphics and text rendering from the Central Processing Unit to the Graphics Processing Unit. The idea is to speed up graphic performance and the rendering by moving it from the CPU to the GPU, thereby getting better performance. Sometimes loosely called as graphics accelerators or floating-point accelerators, hardware accelerators can improve the performance of an application significantly. The term Hardware Accelerator has now been loosely replaced by more common and less descriptive terms such as graphics cards and video cards. While the settings are best left at their default values in Windows, you can if you wish turn off or disable Hardware Graphics Acceleration or reduce Hardware Acceleration. Turning off the Hardware Acceleration completely will run the application in software rendering mode’. Disable Hardware Acceleration The Hardware Acceleration tab in Windows allows you to specify the performance of the graphics hardware present on your PC. To disable or reduce Hardware Acceleration in Windows 8 or Windows 7, first right-click on the Desktop and from the context menu, choose the Personalization option. Then, select Display from the left panel of the window and click on ‘Change display settings’. This will open the ‘Troubleshoot’ tab. If your current display driver does not allow you to change the settings, you will see the Change settings button grayed out, and you will not be able to change the settings. If your current display driver allows you to change the settings, you will be able to see the Change settings button. Click on it. Now, in the Windows that appears on your computer screen, move the pointer to the extreme left to disable or reduce the hardware acceleration and click on OK. If you are having problems with your graphics hardware, these settings can help you troubleshoot display-related problems. That’s it! This is how you can disable or change the level of hardware acceleration in Windows 8/7. Disable hardware acceleration button greyed out If you find that the option is grayed out, check if your hardware permits it and ensure that you have updated drivers. You may also see if DWORD DisableHWAcceleration exists in the following registry key and that it has a value 0. HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Avalon.Graphics\ If it does not exist, create a new DWORD DisableHWAcceleration. A value of 1 disables hardware acceleration. A value of 0 enables hardware acceleration, provided the system meets hardware acceleration requirements. You can use the above Registry method to disable hardware acceleration in Windows 10. The new settings could not be saved to registry If you receive Unexpected error, The new settings could not be saved to registry message box, then you may try the following: Visit the manufacturers website to download and install the latest drivers Run Display Quality Troubleshooter Run Hardware and Devices Troubleshooter. How to enable or disable Hardware Acceleration in Internet Explorer and and how to turn off Hardware Graphics Acceleration in Office may also interest you.

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At one time, the 3-series was the benchmark for all sports sedans, but its once uncompromised tactility has been slightly softened in this latest generation. The showroom is flooded with choices, though: The 3-series offers five different engine options (including a turbo-diesel and a plug-in hybrid), a six-speed manual or an eight-speed automatic transmission, and either rear- or all-wheel drive. Three body styles are offered, too—a sedan, a wagon, and a funky five-door Gran Turismo hatchback.

In a multi-part series, News War, FRONTLINE examines the political, cultural, legal, and economic forces challenging the news media today and how the press has reacted in turn. Through interviews with key figures in print, broadcast and electronic media over the past four decades — and with unequaled, behind-the-scenes access to some of today’s most important news organizations, FRONTLINE traces the recent history of American journalism, from the Nixon administration’s attacks on the media to the post-Watergate po[CENSORED]rity of the press, to the new challenges presented by the war on terror and other global forces now changing — and challenging — the role of the press in our society. [Explore more stories on the original website for News War.]

Paul has a PhD from the University of British Columbia and has taught Geographic Information Systems, statistics and computer programming for 15 years. Computer hardware is the collection of physical parts of a computer system. This includes the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. It also includes all the parts inside the computer case, such as the hard disk drive, motherboard, video card, and many others. Computer hardware is what you can physically touch. Definitions A computer system consists of two major elements: hardware and software. Computer hardware is the collection of all the parts you can physically touch. Computer software, on the other hand, is not something you can touch. Software is a set of instructions for a computer to perform specific operations. You need both hardware and software for a computer system to work. Some hardware components are easy to recognize, such as the computer case, keyboard, and monitor. However, there are many different types of hardware components. In this lesson, you will learn how to recognize the different components and what they do. Types of Computers Before looking at the various components, it is useful to distinguish between two different types of computers: desktop computers and laptop computers. A desktop computer consists of a computer case and a separate monitor, keyboard, and mouse. As the name suggests, this type of computer is typically placed on a desk and is not very portable. A laptop computer has the same components but integrated into a single, portable unit. Typical laptop computer with integrated hardware components laptop computer While these two types of computers look quite different, they have the same general hardware components. Hardware Components Let's start with the computer case. This is the metal enclosure that contains many of the other hardware components. It comes in various shapes and sizes, but a typical tower model is between 15-25 inches high. Want to know what's inside? Okay, go get a screwdriver and let's open it up. Seriously, if you are really into computers, the best way to learn is to actually get hands-on. To save us some time, however, have a look at this desktop computer case. A computer enthusiast replaced the metal side panel with a transparent one, so we can have a look inside. Computer tower with translucent side panel Although that photo looks pretty cool, it is a bit hard to recognize the individual components, especially. with all the connecting wires running through it. This figure shows a more schematic version of a desktop computer, which makes it easier to point out the essential hardware components. The various components of a computer case computer tower schematic The computer case contains a power supply unit (#6) to convert general-purpose electricity to direct current for the other components. The most critical component is the motherboard (#2), a plastic board on which several essential components are mounted. This includes the central processing unit, or CPU, (#3), the main memory (#4), and expansions slots (#5) for other hardware components. The internal hard disk drive (#8) serves as the mass storage device for data files and software applications. An optical disk drive (#7) makes it possible to read from and write CDs and DVDs. Other hardware components typically found inside the computer case (but not shown in the figure) are a sound card, a video card, and a cooling mechanism, such as a fan. A computer system also needs input devices, such as a keyboard (#9) and a mouse (#10). To interact with a user, a computer system also needs a display device, such as a monitor (#1).

Making the most of Windows 8 and Windows 8.1 doesn't mean you have to spend a lot of money. We've put together a list of the top ten apps for Windows 8 that wont cost you a penny to install. From apps for movie making, to movie watching; sketching, gaming and apps to help you when you're programming, all available to download right now, for free. So long as you can control yourself during a Steam sale these apps should give you endless joy, without hurting your wallet. 1. Spotify Apparently in the old days music fans used to go into "shops" and buy music on "records". How quaint! These days anyone with the Spotify app can access pretty much every piece of music ever recorded. You can use its recommendation engine and your friends' tastes to find brand new artists and unjustly overlooked oldies alike. The only downside to the free version is the odd advert. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Skype Skype for Windows 8 is available in two forms: as a dedicated modern app, which you can access via the Windows Store, and as a downloadable version for those of us who prefer to spend our time using the Windows Desktop. Both versions offer free Skype-to-Skype messaging, audio and video calling, and you can also use the app to make low-cost calls to landlines and mobiles anywhere on Earth. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Steam Valve Software's mighty gaming platform is a fantastic thing. Steam gives you access to stacks of games as well as mods (fan-made modifications that change the way a game plays, or in some cases add whole new levels) and downloadable content for games you've already got in your library. You can use it in the living room too thanks to the Big Picture mode, which is designed for gaming on your big-screen TV. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. VLC Media Player VLC is a media player that can play pretty much anything and it can do it without having to download a whole bunch of codec packs for audio and video. Ad-free, spyware-free and completely free, it can take any kind of media, change it and quite possibly put a donk on it too. There are two versions: the familiar VLC app for the desktop, and a modern version. The latter one is still in beta, so you can expect the odd crash, but the desktop version is rock solid and a must-have for anyone who wants to play a range of media files. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. VirtualBox With VirtualBox, your Windows 8 PC can run a whole bunch of different operating systems including older versions of Windows, various Linux distributions and even classic systems such as OS/2 and BeOS. It's particularly handy for anybody who needs to write code or sites and test them on lots of different systems, or for anyone who'd like to learn, fiddle with and generally explorer other OSes.

Are loved ones still with us after they die? Many believe they have been given signs that their relatives are still around and, in the spiritual community, robins are viewed as symbols of visits from the dead. At the beginning of April a mum who lost her four-year-old son shared a heartbreaking video which she recorded at his grave. Marie Robinson was visiting Jack's resting place on the third anniversary of his death and had asked him to "show Mummy a sign", after which a robin hopped on to her shoe, then landed on her hand. She posted a clip of the robin coming to 'say hello' as she sobbed, asking: "Are you looking after him?" and said she took it as a sign Jack was still with her. When we shared this story on the Daily Mirror Facebook page , we were inundated with similar stories from people who had lost those close to them, saying they too had seen robins and been comforted. Below are 11 of those stories people shared with us. If you have had a similar experience, we'd love to hear from you. E-mail yourmirror@mirror.co.uk. 1. "I felt an immense sense of calm" Stacey Woodhouse said: "The day after my Mum's funeral, my husband and I decided to still go on a weekend camping trip that had been arranged before her passing. "A robin flew around us, landing in our picnic table. She then proceeded to hop into our awning and through into our camper van. "She stayed there looking at us for a good few minutes while I chatted with her. "I felt an immense sense of calm. My mum loved joining us for camping trips, even it was only for a few hours and a cuppa." 2. "She put her hand over her mouth and pointed" Sylvia Rafter: "My Mam passed in June. I was driving home to get clothes when my neighbour was driving towards me. "We both stopped and I broke down telling her about Mam. She put her hand over her mouth and pointed and there, on my car mirror, was perched a robin... even with the engine running." 3. "I feel so happy whenever I see one" Sharon Sandford commented: "I have always believed robins to be sign that one loved one is near. "My mum died last November and we buried her ashes next to my brother on what would have been his birthday. "The biggest robin appeared and actually went into the grave. He then hopped over to my Dad and then me. I feel so happy whenever I see one." 4. "It was a lovely moment" Ann Brady said: "There is a little robin who visited us when we were standing at my son's resting place as well. "On one of the first occasions we visited and stood there. It was hipped down in front of us looked at us. We were still seeing it from time to time. 5. "I was sat in tears" Susan Lennon shared her story, saying: "I lost my father and brother in 11 weeks. The spring after my father died, a robin appeared in my garden I was sat in tears about my dad and brother because of it. "The robin landed on my bird table just looking at me. Just two weeks later I had cancer removed from my womb and the robin appeared the next day too." 6. "Please take care of me today" Becky Fairclough said: "Every morning before work I hear a robin singing in a certain tree. I always smile, say: 'I know that you're there and please take care of me today.' "I have also had a butterfly appear in the house for the past four winters, usually in December or January... I'd like to believe it's my mum watching over me." 9. Many other people felt the same way Karon Carr said: "When my dad died in a hospice there was one outside his window and one comes back every year." Diane Atherley said: "At my father's wake a robin walked into the hall were we were holding it in - just in front of me. I believe it was Dad saying 'I'm with you all.'" Laney Head commented: "I see a robin every day when I am at my son's grave or walking past his park where he used to play. It is only since 29.12.2016. God bless." Nicki Knotts said: "I don't believe in God and I never used to buy into the afterlife, but then my Grandma died and ever since I frequently have a robin in my garden. Usually at difficult times, so this I do believe." 10. It even comforts pet owners Lyndsey McHugh: "We lost our two dogs within a short space of each other. "When I'm thinking of them looking into the garden, two robins always appear and seems to fly around like playing. Brings great comfort." 11. People also see butterflies as 'signs' Yvonne Boylan said: "My little brother came to me as a butterfly when he died and has done since that day. "I see them everywhere and now I have them tattooed on me so he's with me for the rest of my life." Robins are often seen in the spiritual community as a symbol that loved ones are still there. The Spiritual Centre website explains: "This bird is a visitor and as such should be appreciated as a welcome visitor bringing gifts, it is for you to interpret the gifts it brings.

You know the drill. After a grueling commute home from work wherein everyone on the road sucks at driving except you, your only recourse is to crack open a very cold beer and hope it stops your shakes. Eight beers/hours later, you stumble into your office again and start your mental countdown to the weekend. Friday night floats by in a haze of Old Fashioneds and Jack & Dianes, but when you crawl out of bed the next afternoon, only a Laura Palmer will ease the throbbing in your frontal lobe. And then a mimosa. And then... four Mai Tais? Sure, why not. Before you know it, it's Monday morning again, and you've alienated your entire family and all your friends. The only reason you don't dump an entire handle of Jameson into your morning coffee is because you can't muster up the strength (and you nurse both way too long for it not to become stale). Why Drinking Makes You Run Faster, Jump Higher, and Live Forever: OK, that might be overselling it. But in moderation, some of this is true. A 1967 study of over 6,000 participants showed that people who consumed between 1 and 30 alcohol drinks per week had significantly greater cognitive functioning than teetotalers. The research team drew the conclusion that alcohol (beer, wine, or liquor) improves thought processes because it increases blood flow to the brain. Another study at the University of Auckland found that moderate amounts of alcohol improved the memories of lab rats - and may even protect against diseases like Alzheimer's. And we don't just mean a glass of wine at dinner. A 2013 study found that doubling down at brunch can help too. Or at least, drinking up to three glasses of champagne a week can help "delay the onset of degenerative brain disorders, such as dementia." As if that's not proof enough that you should imbibe at will, a 20-year study of 1,824 participants proved that heavy drinkers outlive those who abstain. So drink up! (Disclaimer: I feel it's my duty to point out that the researchers linked the alcohol / longer lives connection to more active social lives, which means downing a bottle of vodka by yourself during a "Friday Night Lights" marathon doesn't count.) You Smoke Like A Choo-Choo Your teeth are yellowing, your skin is dry and leathery, your clothes smell like Satan's ashtray... and you're spending upwards of $50 per paycheck on something you kind of hate. Lung, throat, and mouth cancer aside (not to mention emphysema, COPD, and birth defects), smokers are jokers. It's gross. And it's annoying. You know when you're in the middle of a conversation and you suddenly turn around and disappear out to the alley to suck poison into your face and play Words With Friends for 10 minutes? Yeah, non-smokers hate that. Also, you stink. How Nicotine Helps Your Brain: In one blind study of elderly non-smoking subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), participants who were given nicotine patches for 6 months were shown to have improved attention and psychomotor speed. They also regained 46% of normal longterm memory for their age. The control group who had placebo patches got 26% worse. Of course, here we're talking about patches, not cigarettes - which means it may be time to ditch your Pall Malls for one of those fancy new e-cigarettes, which contain nicotine but fewer poisonous additives. To ease your cravings, you can even get them flavored like tobacco. You Sleep 'Till Noon The next time you walk down a residential street late at night, think about the scenes in each of those dark rooms with drawn curtains that you pass by. Inside, one or more people is lying on a raised platform (a "bed," if you will) maybe flat on his or her back, maybe curled up on his side, breathing deeply, completely still, completely unconscious, at a reasonable hour - like a creepy humanoid robot on a lab table, only temporarily unplugged. Also, they'll be like that for about 8 whole hours, which is a third of their day / life (and they'll also probably wake up at a reasonable time). And also, since you're going to be up so late tonight, you'll probably be asleep tomorrow when that guy is up, about, and eating lunch (not to mention his breakfast). You'll sleep right through the LA Marathon, through Saturday morning cartoons, the Thanksgiving Day Parade, and a pick-up game with your friends. You will not be able to stop your mom from telling you how the whole world is going on without you, passing by right outside your window. Get out of bed already, she'll say. Get a job. Why You Shouldn't Get Out of Bed: While scientists don't fully understand the nuances of sleep or exactly how it affects our bodies, they do know that a lack of sleep can have many detrimental side effects. A 2000 study in new Zealand found that people who drove vehicles after being awake for 17-19 hours performed worse than those with blood alcohol levels of .05 - the legal limit for drunk driving in most Western European countries. Getting less than 6 hours of sleep per night can affect reaction time, coordination, and judgment - and can increase anxiety, stress, and depression. Scientists call sleep an "anabolic" (building) process, and it is the time when our bodies rebuild and restore muscle tissue, among other things. Adequate sleep affects our personalities, memories, tolerance levels - even our sense of humor. And have you ever looked hard in the mirror at the tail-end of an all-nighter? Yikes. So remind your mom that you were awake much later than she was and, by all means, get some rest. You Touch Yourself Every Chance You Get Imagine this: You reach down and push a tiny button hidden under your favorite stuffed leather chair. As the seat reclines, a bottle of lotion (with aloe) rises from a small table on one side of you; from the other, a box of Kleenex. In front of you, the walls split to reveal a massive hi-def screen on which a naked chick (or dude), the kind you like, writhes and moans through the surround sound speakers installed in every wall and in the ceiling. The best part: There's no one else home. If you imagine this kind of James Bond villain-style wank den every time you hear your roommates' wheels back out of the driveway, you're not alone. If you need a letter opener to physically pry apart the monitor and keyboard every time you open your laptop, you might be overdoing it, though, and you should probably wash... well... something. And if your girlfriend is going to bed frustrated and angry every night because you pay more attention to RedTube than you do to the warm human body beside you, you might have a real problem. Why Masturbation Is, Like, Really Really Good for You But don't fret! There is such thing as a healthy amount of masturbation - and it's probably more than you think. Through a 2003 study, a team of Australian scientists concluded, in their upside down lab, that the more men ejaculate between ages 20 and 50, the less likely they are to develop prostate cancer. More specifically: Men in their 20s who ejaculate 5+ times a week are one-third less likely to develop prostate cancer later in life. So just think about how much prostate cancer you're preventing! Earlier studies had linked frequent sexual activity to an increase in risk of prostate cancer, but the variable here was the second party. There's a lesson here. To preserve your health, do it yourself. You Can't Put Down Your Controller Video games have been linked to everything from childhood aggression, to teenage acne, to late onset virginity. For many, the term "gamer" brings to mind a sweaty basement-dwelling mouthbreather with a neckbeard swearing at racist, Southern third-graders through his XBox Live. Have you ever stood in line outside your local Gamestop for a midnight release? Have you ever built a rage comic about something that happened while you were looking for Alduin? If you've ever skipped a shower or two because you just had to "kill this guy," congratulations, you have a disgusting habit. Why Gaming Makes You Smarter: Here is why that disgusting habit rules. According to , video games can change your brain into a more effective thinking machine. in one study, adults who played action-based games were able to make quick - and accurate - decisions 25% faster than others, and more practiced gamers were able to pay attention to more than 6 things at once without getting confused. Another study found that female gamers were able to mani[CENSORED]te 3D objects better than non-gamers, and a third found that children who played video games scored higher on a standardized test of creativity. Due to the positive results of these studies, scientists are researching how video games affect perception, attention, hand-eye coordination, and many other brain functions not including the proclivity for Cheetos. Coffee Makes Your World Go 'Round Is it hard for you to imagine a world without coffee? Once, when I was staying in a bed & breakfast, I heard a woman refuse to come out of her room until her husband went to the breakfast area and brought her back a cup of coffee. It was embarrassing for everyone. The effects of java addiction can be ugly, with jittery jonesing, immediate high highs, and miserable low crashes. Withdrawal symptoms include headaches, intestinal frustration, moodiness, and irritability. Life Pro Tip: Never go camping with a coffee drinker. It's just not the same. Why Coffee Will Keep You Alive You don't have to quit cold turkey. Everything in moderation. After all, Starbucks doesn't seem to be going anywhere any time soon, and K-Cups come in something like 3,000 flavors that you can make at home. Anyway, researchers at Harvard say compared to those who skip caffeine, coffee drinkers have fewer instances of stroke and some cancers, and they are less likely to develop dementia, Parkinson's disease, and type 2 diabetes. A 2005 study at the University of Scranton concluded that coffee is America's #1 source of antioxidants, which protect your body from disease. So drink up. Just make sure you have enough on hand for tomorrow morning. You Never Watch The News Remember the time you had Hanukkah dinner at your cousin's house, and everything was going fine until her upstairs neighbor started talking about the situation in Egypt? It's hard to chime into a conversation like this if you don't even know how to pronounce Tahrir (you can do this). Worse, over time, acquaintances (like your cousin's neighbor) will start to recognize the deer-in-the-headlights expression you make every time someone says the word "debates." If you don't consume the nightly news, they'll have you believe that you're part of the problem, just one of the millions of uninformed masses who heads out to screw up the elections every few years by voting in people that are as dumb as they are. Why You Really Don't Have to Watch the News: A November 2011 poll of 600 New Jerseyans proved that sometimes, watching the news can actually make you dumber. Results showed that people who regularly watched Fox News - the #1 cable news channel in the country (I know, I know)- were less informed about current events than those who said they don't watch any news at all. You're probably reading this article on a computer (or smartphone) with half a dozen other tabs already open to the front pages of many too-frequently-updated "information"-based sources. And you've got the gist and unless it's your job, these aren't things that will always necessarily make you smarter. Watching the news (or even reading it) doesn't equal being informed. Sometimes being overinformed can be a bit of a social drawback and other it can help. So seek out what you care about and just leave it at that. You'll half ass the rest anyway. You're an adult, you can do this. At the very least, you've seen a few top headlines. I bet you even know who is running for the Republican nomination - and who is most likely to win. In a time when it's no longer "cool" to be ignorant of what's happening in the world, the media you absorb every day is designed does a pretty good job of keeping you informed about the things that are really important to you. So use that instead, because you'll be less likely to hear sensationalist headlines and if you care about something you'll naturally become more well-informed about it. Most Of Your Diet Is Fried Simply put, fried food tastes amazing. Something about dunking a piece of chicken, a slice of potato, or a candy bar in sizzling hot oil unlocks delicious new layers of flavor. Sure, it's not the healthiest of options, but what's the harm in having a fry? Or two? Or three? Or... Why Fried Food Isn't The Enemy Despite what the latest fad diet might say, fat isn't the worst thing to consume. In fact, eating fat can help your body absorb fat-soluble vitamins. And, according to a 2016 study published by Food Chemistry, deep-frying some vegetables can actually boost their antioxidant content. A dunk in a healthy oil - like olive - can infuse veggies with more nutrients. Unfortunately, batter counteracts these effects, and fried foods like chicken, cheese curds, and shrimp likely won't offer the same benefits. You Blast The Jams You have to have a soundtrack wherever you go. From your car to your desk, you're blaring your favorite songs all day long. Hopefully you're listening with headphones. If not, you'll just have to assume your neighbor/roommate/coworker likes your playlist. Why Music Is Medicinal Study after study has found that listening to music is beneficial. It can ease pain, boost athletic performance, and reduce stress and depression. It can even help you eat less. Want to retain the knowledge you frantically acquired during that cram session? Play some music - it's been linked to memory retention. Some researchers think that music could aid Alzheimer's patients with memory recovery as well. You're Addicted To Your Phone It's an all-too familiar feeling. You're scrolling through your feed, and you've just spotted a particularly juicy story - and then your phone dies. Your nonstop use of this little piece of plastic and metal has sapped its battery life. If this hypothetical sent you into a cold sweat, you're one of the 90% of people who overuse their phones. Why Getting Glued To The Screen Can Be A Good Thing Addiction to anything isn't optimal. However, talking on the phone has been linked to some positive effects. Researchers discovered that, while people were using cell phones, their brains were stimulated near each phone's antenna. The subjects' brains were using more glucose (blood sugar). If you mostly use your phone to play games, you're still in luck. Gaming has been linked with faster decision time, strong creative skills, and sociability.

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Windows 10 Home users will receive updates from Windows Update automatically when it's available. Windows 10 Pro and Windows 10 Enterprise users will have the ability to postpone updates. The amount of time that Windows 10 Pro users can postpone updates is limited. Small storage devices, like devices with 32GB hard drives or older devices with full hard drives, may need additional storage to complete the upgrade. You'll see instructions during the upgrade telling you what to do. You may need to either remove unneeded files from your device, or insert a USB flash drive to complete the upgrade. Some devices with either little free space available or smaller hard drives, like 32 GB storage PCs, may have little free space available after upgrading. You may free up disk space and easily delete files like temporary files or your previous version of Windows within the Storage system setting. Files for the previous version of Windows give you the option to remove Windows 10 and go back to your previous version of Windows. These files are automatically deleted 10 days after you upgrade. To free up space, you can delete them now. An internet connection is required to perform the upgrade. Windows 10 is a large file -- about 3 GB -- and Internet access (ISP) fees might apply. To check for device compatibility and other important installation information, visit your device manufacturer’s website. Manufacturer contact information can be found on the Contact Information page. The upgradeability of a device includes factors beyond the system specification. This includes driver and firmware support, application compatibility, and feature support, regardless of whether or not the device meets the minimum system specification for Windows 10. Support may vary by device. Find more information on the Windows Lifecycle page. If your PC or tablet is currently running Windows 7 SP1 or Windows 8.1 Update, you can check to see if it meets the requirements by using 'Check my PC' in the Get Windows 10 app. To open the Get Windows 10 app, click on the small Windows icon found at the right end of the taskbar. If you don’t see it, visit our Windows 10 Q&A page for more info. Many applications, files, and settings will migrate as part of the upgrade. However, some applications or settings may not migrate. For anti-malware applications, Windows will check to see if your anti-malware subscription is current (not expired) and compatible during the upgrade. If the anti-malware application is compatible and current, your application will be preserved during the upgrade to Windows 10. If the anti-malware application is incompatible, Windows will uninstall your application while preserving your settings. After upgrade is complete, if your anti-malware provider has informed Microsoft that it has made a compatible version available for your active subscription, Windows will notify you to install the latest version available with the settings that were set prior to upgrade. If your anti-malware subscription is not current (expired), Windows will uninstall your application and enable Windows Defender. Some applications that came from your OEM may be removed prior to upgrade. For certain third party applications, the "Get Windows 10" app will scan for application compatibility. If there is a known issue that will prevent the upgrade, you will be notified of the list of applications with known issues. You can choose to accept and the applications will be removed from the system prior to upgrade. Please be sure to copy the list before you accept the removal of the application. Microsoft Family Safety child users with local accounts (accounts tied to the machine) will not have their safety settings migrated to Windows 10 during the upgrade. This means that after the upgrade to Windows 10 is complete, parents would need to setup safety settings for the child user along with a Microsoft account if they do not have one. To find out more about the changes, visit the FAQ page. Some apps and content sold separately. Feature and app availability and experience may vary by device and market.

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